Wang Ming, Thomas Nicholas, Jin Hailing
Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0122, United States.
Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0122, United States.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2017 Aug;38:133-141. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.05.003. Epub 2017 May 29.
Small RNA (sRNA) induces RNA interference (RNAi) in almost all eukaryotes. While sRNAs can move within an organism, they can also move between interacting organisms to induce gene silencing, a phenomenon called 'cross-kingdom RNAi'. Some sRNAs from pathogens or pests move into host cells and suppress host immunity in both plants and animals; whereas some host sRNAs travel into pathogen/pest cells to inhibit their virulence. Moreover, uptake of exogenous RNAs from the environment was recently discovered in certain fungal pathogens, which makes it possible to suppress fungal diseases by directly applying pathogen-targeting RNAs on crops and post-harvest products. This new-generation of RNA-based fungicides is powerful, environmentally friendly, and can be easily adapted to control multiple diseases simultaneously.
小RNA（sRNA）在几乎所有真核生物中都会引发RNA干扰（RNAi）。虽然sRNA可以在生物体内部移动，但它们也能在相互作用的生物体之间移动，从而诱导基因沉默，这一现象被称为“跨界RNAi”。一些来自病原体或害虫的sRNA会进入宿主细胞，并在植物和动物中抑制宿主免疫；而一些宿主sRNA会进入病原体/害虫细胞以抑制其毒力。此外，最近在某些真菌病原体中发现了从环境中摄取外源RNA的现象，这使得通过在作物和收获后的产品上直接施用靶向病原体的RNA来抑制真菌病害成为可能。这种新一代的基于RNA的杀菌剂效力强大、环境友好，并且能够轻松适应同时控制多种病害的需求。
