Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; email:
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2021 Aug 25;59:265-288. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-121520-023514. Epub 2021 Jun 2.
Gene silencing guided by small RNAs governs a broad range of cellular processes in eukaryotes. Small RNAs are important components of plant immunity because they contribute to pathogen-triggered transcription reprogramming and directly target pathogen RNAs. Recent research suggests that silencing of pathogen genes by plant small RNAs occurs not only during viral infection but also in nonviral pathogens through a process termed host-induced gene silencing, which involves -species small RNA trafficking. Similarly, small RNAs are also produced by eukaryotic pathogens and regulate virulence. This review summarizes the small RNA pathways in both plants and filamentous pathogens, including fungi and oomycetes, and discusses their role in host-pathogen interactions. We highlight secondarysmall interfering RNAs of plants as regulators of immune receptor gene expression and executors of host-induced gene silencing in invading pathogens. The current status and prospects of -species gene silencing at the host-pathogen interface are discussed.
小 RNA 介导的基因沉默调控真核生物的广泛细胞过程。小 RNA 是植物免疫的重要组成部分，因为它们有助于病原体引发的转录重编程，并直接靶向病原体 RNA。最近的研究表明，植物小 RNA 不仅在病毒感染期间，而且在非病毒病原体中通过一种称为宿主诱导基因沉默的过程沉默病原体基因，该过程涉及种间小 RNA 运输。同样，小 RNA 也由真核病原体产生，并调节毒力。本综述总结了植物和丝状病原体（包括真菌和卵菌）中的小 RNA 途径，并讨论了它们在宿主-病原体相互作用中的作用。我们强调了植物的次级小干扰 RNA 作为免疫受体基因表达的调节剂和入侵病原体中宿主诱导基因沉默的执行者。讨论了宿主-病原体界面上种间基因沉默的现状和前景。
