Department of Health Policy and Management, Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Inj Prev. 2018 Feb;24(1):78-80. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042264. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
Reducing marijuana-impaired driving is an important part of any strategy to prevent motor vehicle traffic injuries. In Colorado, the first of eight US states and the District of Columbia to legalise marijuana for recreational use, drivers with positive tests for the presence of marijuana accounted for a larger proportion of fatal MVCs after marijuana commercialisation. The use of blood tests to screen for marijuana intoxication, in Colorado and elsewhere in the USA, poses a number of challenges. Many high-income countries use oral fluid drug testing (OF) to provide roadside evidence of marijuana intoxication. A 2009 Belgium policy implementing OF roadside testing increased true positives and decreased false positives of suspected marijuana-related driving under the influence (DUI) arrests. US policy-makers should consider using roadside OF to increase objectivity and reliability for tests used in marijuana-related DUI arrests.
减少大麻引起的驾驶事故是预防机动车交通伤害策略的重要组成部分。在科罗拉多州，该州是美国和哥伦比亚特区中首批将大麻用于娱乐目的合法化的八个州之一，在大麻合法化后，司机中检测出大麻阳性的比例在致命 MVC 中占比更大。在美国科罗拉多州和其他地方，使用血液检测来筛查大麻中毒，存在一些挑战。许多高收入国家使用唾液毒品检测（OF）来提供大麻中毒的路边证据。2009 年，比利时实施了一项政策，实施了 OF 路边检测，增加了涉嫌与大麻相关的酒后驾车（DUI）逮捕中真正阳性的数量，减少了假阳性的数量。美国政策制定者应该考虑使用路边 OF 来提高与大麻相关的 DUI 逮捕中使用的测试的客观性和可靠性。
