Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland.
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 486, Tampere FI-33101, Finland.
Ann Work Expo Health. 2017 Jul 1;61(6):681-691. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxx033.
The aim of this study was to assess the implementation of partitioning and the negative pressure method in limiting the dispersion of dust to areas adjacent to renovation sites.
The pressure difference between the worksites and adjacent areas and PM10 concentrations in the both zones were measured in 12 renovation sites, and the factors affecting the prevention of dispersion of dust were assessed.
Poor implementation of partitioning and negative pressurization found in half of the renovation sites lead difficulties in achieving a proper negative pressure, causing dispersion of dust into adjacent areas. Main problems related to flimsy partitioning walls and poor air tightness of the enclosure. Dust concentrations in adjacent areas were substantially lower when natural ventilation in the renovation site was rejected and partitioning walls and their junctions to existing structures were sealed. In case of leaky enclosures, despite the high air exchange rates, a definite negative pressure could not be maintained. Instead, negative pressure minimum of -5 Pa was found to be sufficient for limiting the dispersion of dust from renovation sites.
Improvement on implementation of dust controls is required through revising the guidance documents, education, and efficient supervision. This study revealed that the current Finnish practice to implement the negative pressurization based on the air exchange rate achieved with the portable exhaust fans alone is not reasonable to assure adequate dust containment. Continuous negative pressure minimum of -5 Pa is suggested, and it should be monitored with alarm devices throughout the renovation processes.
本研究旨在评估分区和负压法在限制灰尘向翻新场地相邻区域扩散方面的实施情况。
在 12 个翻新现场测量了工作场所和相邻区域之间的压差以及这两个区域的 PM10 浓度，并评估了影响防尘扩散的因素。
一半的翻新现场分区和负压措施实施不当，导致适当的负压难以实现，从而导致灰尘扩散到相邻区域。主要问题与脆弱的分区墙和外壳的气密性差有关。当翻新现场拒绝自然通风并密封分区墙及其与现有结构的连接处时，相邻区域的灰尘浓度会显著降低。在外壳有泄漏的情况下，尽管空气交换率很高，但仍无法保持稳定的负压。相反，发现负压最小值为-5 Pa 足以限制灰尘从翻新现场的扩散。
需要通过修订指南文件、加强教育和实施有效的监管来改进防尘控制的实施。本研究表明，芬兰目前基于便携式排气扇实现的空气交换率来实施负压的做法，不足以确保充分的防尘效果。建议保持持续的负压最小值为-5 Pa，并在整个翻新过程中使用报警装置进行监测。
