Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, 92182, USA.
Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, 23561, K.P.K, Pakistan.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Aug;92:501-508. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.095. Epub 2017 May 30.
Vitiligo is an idiopathic systemic autoimmune disease affecting skin, hair and oral mucosa. This genetic yet acquired disease characterized by melanin loss is a cause of morbidity across all races. Though thyroid disturbance has been recognized as a key trigger of this pathology, an array of other factors plays critical role in its manifestation. Multiple hormones (corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, melatonin, calcitriol, testosterone, estrogen), genes (Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), Forkhead box D3 (FOXD3), Cluster of differentiation 117 (CD117), Estrogen receptor (ESR) 1, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), Vitiligo-associated protein 1 (VIT1)), and lifestyle choices (stress, diet, cosmetic products, and medications) have been suspected as drivers of this disorder. The pathological mechanisms have been understood in recent times, with the aid of genomic studies; however a universally-effective therapy is yet to be achieved. This review discusses these under-investigated facets of vitiligo onset and progression; hence, it is expected to enrich vitiligo research.
白癜风是一种影响皮肤、毛发和口腔黏膜的特发性系统性自身免疫性疾病。这种具有遗传又获得性的疾病以黑色素丧失为特征，是所有种族发病的原因。尽管甲状腺功能紊乱已被认为是这种病理的关键触发因素，但许多其他因素在其表现中起着关键作用。多种激素（促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素、促肾上腺皮质激素、α-黑色素细胞刺激素、褪黑素、钙三醇、睾丸激素、雌激素）、基因（人类白细胞抗原 (HLA)、细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞相关抗原 4 (CTLA-4)、叉头框蛋白 D3 (FOXD3)、分化簇 117 (CD117)、雌激素受体 (ESR) 1、环氧化酶 2 (COX2)、白癜风相关蛋白 1 (VIT1)）和生活方式选择（压力、饮食、美容产品和药物）都被怀疑是这种疾病的驱动因素。借助基因组研究，近年来已经了解了这种疾病的病理机制，但仍未实现普遍有效的治疗方法。这篇综述讨论了白癜风发病和进展中这些研究不足的方面；因此，预计它将丰富白癜风的研究。
