Bashrahil Bader, Alzahrani Ziyad, Nooh Mohammad, Alghamdi Nawaf, Alsolami Hatem, Alturkistani Rahaf, Marghalani Siham
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.
Department of Dermatology, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus. 2022 Nov 22;14(11):e31774. doi: 10.7759/cureus.31774. eCollection 2022 Nov.
Objectives Vitiligo is a dermatological autoimmune disease that has been linked with numerous risk factors. There is an elevated level of evidence suggesting a linkage between vitiligo disease and zinc, vitamin D (Vit-D), thyroid hormones, and thyroid antibody levels. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients of all age groups of both sexes. Patients were investigated for demographics, vitiligo characteristics, and laboratory tests, including zinc, Vit-D, T3 (triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb). Results Two hundred and ninety-seven patients were retrospectively assessed; they averaged 29 years for segmental vitiligo (SV) and 31 years for nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV). Gender-wise, our study included more females (57.5%) than males (42.5%). Females comprised approximately 51.8% of NSV patients, while males constituted 36.7%. Patients' T3, T4, and TPOAb levels correlated significantly with age (p=0.001, p <0.01, p=0.14), and elevated BMI recorded high TPOAb levels (p<0.001). An increase in TGAb was associated with extensive involvement in the depigmentation of body surface area (BSA). The segmental type had the lowest TGAb and TPOAb titers. The universal subtype of vitiligo recorded the highest TSH, T3, and TGAb levels. However, differences in laboratory test levels were insignificant for the sex, the type of vitiligo, or the subtype of vitiligo. Conclusion In conclusion, neither Vit-D nor zinc had a significant linkage with any of vitiligo's characteristics or treatments. Nonetheless, TGAb had a significant correlation to the BSA involved with vitiligo while T4 and TPOAb had a significant association with age, BMI, and BSA overall. Statistically, T3 was linked with age and BSA overall only. More studies with a higher level of evidence are required to establish the association of Vit-D, zinc, thyroid biomarkers, and thyroid antibodies.
目的 白癜风是一种皮肤自身免疫性疾病，与多种风险因素相关。有越来越多的证据表明白癜风疾病与锌、维生素D（Vit-D）、甲状腺激素及甲状腺抗体水平之间存在联系。方法 这项回顾性队列研究纳入了所有年龄段的男女患者。对患者进行了人口统计学、白癜风特征及实验室检查，包括锌、Vit-D、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、甲状腺素（T4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）和甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TGAb）。结果 对297例患者进行了回顾性评估；节段性白癜风（SV）患者平均年龄29岁，非节段性白癜风（NSV）患者平均年龄31岁。按性别划分，我们的研究纳入的女性（57.5%）多于男性（42.5%）。女性约占NSV患者的51.8%，而男性占36.7%。患者的T3、T4和TPOAb水平与年龄显著相关（p = 0.001，p <0.01，p = 0.14），且体重指数升高时TPOAb水平也升高（p<0.001）。TGAb升高与体表受累面积（BSA）广泛的色素脱失有关。节段型的TGAb和TPOAb滴度最低。白癜风的泛发型记录的TSH、T3和TGAb水平最高。然而，实验室检查水平在性别、白癜风类型或白癜风亚型方面的差异不显著。结论 总之，Vit-D和锌与白癜风的任何特征或治疗均无显著关联。尽管如此，TGAb与白癜风累及的BSA显著相关，而T4和TPOAb总体上与年龄、体重指数和BSA显著相关。从统计学上看，T3仅总体上与年龄和BSA相关。需要更多证据水平更高的研究来确定Vit-D、锌、甲状腺生物标志物和甲状腺抗体之间的关联。
