Benelli Giovanni, Buttazzoni Luca, Canale Angelo, D'Andrea Armando, Del Serrone Paola, Delrio Gavino, Foxi Cipriano, Mariani Susanna, Savini Giovanni, Vadivalagan Chithravel, Murugan Kadarkarai, Toniolo Chiara, Nicoletti Marcello, Serafini Mauro
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, CREA, Centro di Ricerca per la Zootecnia e l'Acquacoltura, CREA ZA, Sede di Monterotondo, Via Salaria 31, 00015 Monterotondo Rome, Italy.
Res Vet Sci. 2017 Dec;115:263-270. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.05.023. Epub 2017 May 20.
Several arthropod-borne diseases are now rising with increasing impact and risks for public health, due to environmental changes and resistance to pesticides currently marketed. In addition to community surveillance programs and a careful management of herds, a next-generation of effective products is urgently needed to control the spread of these diseases, with special reference to arboviral ones. Natural product research can afford alternative solutions. Recently, a re-emerging of bluetongue disease is ongoing in Italy. Bluetongue is a viral disease that affects ruminants and is spread through the bite of bloodsucking insects, especially Culicoides species. In this review, we focused on the importance of vector control programs for prevention or bluetongue outbreaks, outlining the lack of effective tools in the fight against Culicoides vectors. Then, we analyzed a field case study in Sardinia (Italy) concerning the utilization of the neem cake (Azadirachta indica), to control young instar populations of Culicoides biting midges, the vectors of bluetongue virus. Neem cake is a cheap and eco-friendly by-product obtained from the extraction of neem oil. Overall, we propose that the employ of neem extraction by-products as aqueous formulations in muddy sites close to livestock grazing areas may represent an effective tool in the fight against the spread of bluetongue virus in the Mediterranean areas.
由于环境变化以及对当前市售杀虫剂产生抗药性，几种节肢动物传播的疾病如今对公众健康的影响和风险日益增加。除了社区监测计划和对畜群的精心管理外，迫切需要新一代有效的产品来控制这些疾病的传播，尤其是虫媒病毒引起的疾病。天然产物研究可以提供替代解决方案。最近，意大利正在出现蓝舌病疫情的再次爆发。蓝舌病是一种影响反刍动物的病毒性疾病，通过吸血昆虫尤其是库蠓属物种的叮咬传播。在本综述中，我们重点关注了病媒控制计划对预防蓝舌病爆发的重要性，概述了在对抗库蠓病媒方面缺乏有效工具的情况。然后，我们分析了意大利撒丁岛的一个实地案例研究，该研究涉及利用印楝饼（印楝）来控制库蠓叮咬蠓的幼虫种群，库蠓是蓝舌病病毒的病媒。印楝饼是从印楝油提取过程中获得的一种廉价且环保的副产品。总体而言，我们建议在靠近牲畜放牧区的泥泞地带使用印楝提取物副产品制成的水性制剂，这可能是对抗蓝舌病病毒在地中海地区传播的一种有效工具。
