Porwal Sejal, Malviya Rishabha, Sridhar Sathvik Belagodu, Shareef Javedh, Wadhwa Tarun
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201308, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Galgotias Multi-Disciplinary Research & Development Cell (G-MRDC), Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201308, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Infect Med (Beijing). 2025 Mar 17;4(2):100177. doi: 10.1016/j.imj.2025.100177. eCollection 2025 Jun.
The Oropouche virus (OROV) is a new zoonotic arbovirus that mostly affects Brazil and nearby countries. Since its discovery in 1955, it has caused more than 500,000 infections, with symptoms ranging from fever and headache to serious neuroinvasive disorders such as meningitis and encephalitis. The virus spreads through urban and sylvatic cycles via vectors such as midges and mosquitos, with humans and some vertebrates serving as amplifying hosts. The manuscript aims to analyze the transmission dynamics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and potential preventive strategies for OROV. OROV is becoming an increasing health concern due to its global expansion and potential for serious consequences. Its growing threat, especially in light of the possibility of congenital abnormalities, is highlighted by the first recorded deaths in 2024 and the verification of vertical transmission. Clinical symptoms overlap greatly with other arboviruses, limiting early diagnosis; nonetheless, molecular approaches such as RT-PCR are crucial for identification. The current therapy is restricted to symptom control, highlighting the critical need for effective vaccinations. Live attenuated vaccination candidates and innovative techniques based on reverse genetics systems are both promising discoveries. However, the genetic variety of OROV strains poses obstacles to obtaining broad protection. To combat OROV, improved surveillance, strong public health initiatives, and quick vaccine development are needed. Public education and sustainable vector control are also essential for controlling outbreaks and lessening the virus effects.
奥罗普切病毒（OROV）是一种新型人畜共患虫媒病毒，主要影响巴西及周边国家。自1955年被发现以来，它已导致超过50万例感染，症状从发热、头痛到严重的神经侵袭性疾病，如脑膜炎和脑炎不等。该病毒通过蠓和蚊子等媒介在城市和森林循环中传播，人类和一些脊椎动物作为扩增宿主。本文旨在分析奥罗普切病毒的传播动态、临床表现、诊断方法和潜在的预防策略。由于其全球传播以及可能产生的严重后果，奥罗普切病毒日益引起人们对健康的关注。2024年首次有记录的死亡病例以及垂直传播的证实，凸显了其不断增加的威胁，尤其是考虑到先天性异常的可能性。临床症状与其他虫媒病毒有很大重叠，限制了早期诊断；尽管如此，诸如逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）等分子方法对于识别至关重要。目前的治疗仅限于症状控制，这突出了有效疫苗接种的迫切需求。减毒活疫苗候选株和基于反向遗传学系统的创新技术都是很有前景的发现。然而，奥罗普切病毒株的基因多样性给获得广泛保护带来了障碍。为了对抗奥罗普切病毒，需要加强监测、强有力的公共卫生举措和快速的疫苗研发。公众教育和可持续的病媒控制对于控制疫情和减轻病毒影响也至关重要。
