Vanker A, Gie R P, Zar H J
a Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, and MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.
b Department of Paediatrics and Child Health , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2017 Aug;11(8):661-673. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2017.1338949. Epub 2017 Jun 14.
Childhood respiratory illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in low and middle-income countries. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a recognised risk factor for both acute and chronic respiratory illness. Areas covered: The aim of this paper was to review the epidemiology of ETS exposure and impact on respiratory health in children. We conducted a search of 3 electronic databases of publications on ETS and childhood respiratory illness from 1990-2015. Key findings were that up to 70% of children are exposed to ETS globally, but under-reporting may mask the true prevalence. Maternal smoking and ETS exposure influence infant lung development and are associated with childhood upper and lower respiratory tract infection, wheezing or asthma. Further, exposure to ETS is associated with more severe respiratory disease. ETS exposure reduces lung function early in life, establishing an increased lifelong risk of poor lung health. Expert commentary: Urgent and effective strategies are needed to decrease ETS exposure in young children to improve child and long-term lung health in adults especially in low and middle income countries where ETS exposure is increasing.
儿童呼吸系统疾病是发病和死亡的主要原因，在低收入和中等收入国家尤其如此。接触环境烟草烟雾（ETS）是公认的急性和慢性呼吸系统疾病的危险因素。涵盖领域：本文旨在综述ETS暴露的流行病学及其对儿童呼吸健康的影响。我们检索了1990年至2015年关于ETS和儿童呼吸系统疾病的3个电子数据库出版物。主要发现是，全球高达70%的儿童接触ETS，但报告不足可能掩盖了真实患病率。母亲吸烟和ETS暴露会影响婴儿肺部发育，并与儿童上、下呼吸道感染、喘息或哮喘有关。此外，接触ETS与更严重的呼吸系统疾病有关。ETS暴露会在生命早期降低肺功能，增加终身肺部健康不良的风险。专家评论：需要采取紧急有效的策略来减少幼儿接触ETS，以改善儿童和成人的长期肺部健康，特别是在ETS暴露正在增加的低收入和中等收入国家。
