York Cornwell Erin, Cagney Kathleen A
Department of Sociology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Illinois.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2017 Sep 1;72(5):864-875. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbx063.
Prior research emphasizes the importance of the residential neighborhood context during later life but little attention has been afforded to other areas that older adults encounter as they move beyond their residential environments for daily activities and social interactions. This study examines the predominance of the residential context within older adults' everyday lives.
We provided 60 older adults in four New York City neighborhoods with iPhones, which captured Global Positioning Systems (GPS) locations at 5-min intervals over 1 week (n = 55,561) and 17 ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) over 4 days (n = 757) to assess real-time activities.
Older adults in our sample spent nearly 40% of their time outside of their residential tracts and they visited 28 other tracts, on average. Exercising, shopping, socializing, and social activities were especially likely to take place outside of residential tracts. Differences in residential and nonresidential poverty exposure vary across gender, race/ethnicity, education, car ownership, and residential areas.
Measuring activity space, rather than relying on residential tracts, allows examination of the social environments that are relevant for older adults' everyday lives. Variation in characteristics of activity spaces may be an underexplored source of differences in health and well-being during later life.
先前的研究强调了晚年居住社区环境的重要性，但对于老年人在离开居住环境进行日常活动和社交互动时所接触的其他区域，关注较少。本研究考察了居住环境在老年人日常生活中的主导地位。
我们为纽约市四个社区的60名老年人提供了iPhone，这些手机以5分钟的间隔记录全球定位系统（GPS）位置，为期1周（n = 55,561），并在4天内进行了17次生态瞬时评估（EMA）（n = 757），以评估实时活动。
我们样本中的老年人近40%的时间是在其居住区域之外度过的，平均而言，他们还访问了其他28个区域。锻炼、购物、社交和社会活动尤其可能在居住区域之外进行。居住和非居住贫困暴露的差异因性别、种族/民族、教育程度、汽车拥有情况和居住区域而异。
测量活动空间，而不是依赖居住区域，能够考察与老年人日常生活相关的社会环境。活动空间特征的差异可能是晚年健康和幸福差异中一个未被充分探索的来源。
