Cornwell Erin York, Behler Rachel L
Cornell University.
City Soc (Wash). 2015 Sep;14(3):311-335. doi: 10.1111/cico.12124. Epub 2015 Sep 18.
Theories of urbanism suggest that the urban context erodes individuals' strong social ties with friends and family. Recent research has narrowed focus to the neighborhood context, emphasizing how localized structural disadvantage affects community-level cohesion and social capital. In this paper, we argue that neighborhood context also shapes social ties with friends and family- particularly for community-dwelling seniors. We hypothesize that neighborhood disadvantage, residential instability, and disorder restrict residents' abilities to cultivate close relationships with neighbors and non-neighbor friends and family. Using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), we find that older adults who live in disadvantaged neighborhoods have smaller social networks. Neighborhood disadvantage is also associated with less close network ties and less frequent interaction - but only among men. Furthermore, residents of disordered neighborhoods have smaller networks and weaker ties. We urge scholars to pay greater attention to how neighborhood context contributes to disparities in network-based access to resources.
城市主义理论表明，城市环境会削弱个人与朋友和家人之间牢固的社会联系。最近的研究将重点缩小到邻里环境，强调局部结构劣势如何影响社区层面的凝聚力和社会资本。在本文中，我们认为邻里环境也会塑造与朋友和家人的社会联系——尤其是对于居住在社区中的老年人。我们假设邻里劣势、居住不稳定和混乱会限制居民与邻居以及非邻居朋友和家人建立亲密关系的能力。利用来自全国社会生活、健康与老龄化项目（NSHAP）的数据，我们发现生活在弱势社区的老年人社交网络较小。邻里劣势还与不那么亲密的网络联系以及不那么频繁的互动相关——但仅限于男性。此外，居住在混乱社区的居民网络较小且联系较弱。我们敦促学者更加关注邻里环境如何导致基于网络的资源获取方面的差异。
