Kostakis Ioannis D, Zavras Nick, Damaskos Christos, Sakellariou Stratigoula, Korkolopoulou Penelope, Misiakos Evangelos P, Tsaparas Petros, Vaos George, Karatzas Theodoros
Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, 'Laiko' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Exp Ther Med. 2017 Jun;13(6):3341-3347. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4441. Epub 2017 May 8.
Testicular torsion/detorsion causes severe tissue damage due to ischemia/reperfusion injury. The present study investigated the protective effect of erythropoietin and sildenafil against ischemia/reperfusion injury following unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion in adult rats. A total of 28 adult male rats were included, and were divided into the following groups: Group A (n=5), sham operated; groups B (n=5), C (n=5), D (n=5) and E (n=8), undergoing right testis torsion and detorsion after 90 min. Group B received no drug treatment. Rats in the groups C and D received low-dose (1,000 IU/kg) or high-dose (3,000 IU/kg) erythropoietin, while those in group E received sildenafil (0.7 mg/kg), through intraperitoneal injection after 60 min of torsion. The right testis was extracted 24 h after detorsion, and the tissue was subjected to histopathological examination and immunohistochemical assessment of cleaved caspase-3 expression. Histological alterations and the quality of spermatogenesis were scored according to the Cosentino and the Johnsen scoring systems, respectively. The results demonstrated normal testicular architecture in group A, while the other groups showed ischemic cellular damages, with the worst scores observed in group B. Groups D and E presented better scores compared with group C. Regarding the quality of spermatogenesis, the best scores were observed in group A, and the worst in group B. Groups C, D and E presented similar results, which were improved in comparison to group B, however, not compared to group A. Furthermore, cleaved caspase-3 levels were lower in groups A, D and E, with equal results observed. Group C had higher levels of cleaved caspase-3 compared with these groups, but lower than group B, which presented the highest cleaved caspase-3 levels. In conclusion, erythropoietin and sildenafil protect testis from ischemia/reperfusion injury by decreasing cellular damage and attenuating apoptosis.
睾丸扭转/复位因缺血/再灌注损伤导致严重的组织损伤。本研究调查了促红细胞生成素和西地那非对成年大鼠单侧睾丸扭转/复位后缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用。共纳入28只成年雄性大鼠，分为以下几组：A组（n = 5），假手术组；B组（n = 5）、C组（n = 5）、D组（n = 5）和E组（n = 8），90分钟后进行右侧睾丸扭转和复位。B组未接受药物治疗。C组和D组的大鼠分别接受低剂量（1000 IU/kg）或高剂量（3000 IU/kg）的促红细胞生成素，而E组的大鼠在扭转60分钟后通过腹腔注射接受西地那非（0.7 mg/kg）。复位24小时后取出右侧睾丸，对组织进行组织病理学检查和裂解型半胱天冬酶-3表达的免疫组织化学评估。分别根据科森蒂诺评分系统和约翰森评分系统对组织学改变和精子发生质量进行评分。结果显示A组睾丸结构正常，而其他组显示缺血性细胞损伤，B组得分最差。与C组相比，D组和E组得分更好。关于精子发生质量，A组得分最佳，B组最差。C组、D组和E组结果相似，与B组相比有所改善，但与A组相比无改善。此外，A组、D组和E组的裂解型半胱天冬酶-3水平较低，结果相当。与这些组相比，C组的裂解型半胱天冬酶-3水平较高，但低于B组，B组的裂解型半胱天冬酶-3水平最高。总之，促红细胞生成素和西地那非通过减少细胞损伤和减轻细胞凋亡来保护睾丸免受缺血/再灌注损伤。
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