Zhao Jianguo, Han Qian, Liao Chenghong, Wang Jinhua, Wu Lili, Liu Qun, Lindsay David S
Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China. Correspondence should be sent to Qian Han at:
J Parasitol. 2017 Oct;103(5):598-601. doi: 10.1645/17-21. Epub 2017 Jun 7.
Ascaris suum is an important intestinal nematode causing economic losses in swine. Anthelminthic treatment is used to control A. suum infections and is part of normal production practices. Treatment with anthelminthic agents results in expulsion of adult worms from the intestinal tract and ends further contamination of the environment with eggs. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of drug treatment on the embryonation of A. suum eggs collected from worms obtained from pigs treated with 4 different commercially available anthelmintics. The effects of treatment with abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin, flubendazole, or no treatment on embryonation of A. suum eggs collected from female A. suum expelled in the feces was determined. The embryonation of eggs obtained from pigs treated with abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from eggs from non-treated control pigs. In contrast, the embryonation of A. suum eggs collected from worms from pigs treated with flubendazole demonstrated inhibited development, and most eggs remained in the 1-cell stage (85.5%) and only 6.3% of eggs developed larvae. In another experiment, we examined the direct effects of doramectin and flubendazole added to solutions of A. suum eggs collected from non-treated control pigs. Egg cultures were exposed to direct in vitro treatment with 0.04-parts per million (ppm) doramectin or 1.0-ppm flubendazole for 24 hr (highest concentrations [C] of drugs in serum) and then embryonation and infectivity for mice was determined. Treatment of eggs in vitro did not significantly effect (P > 0.05) larval development or oral infectivity for mice. Our study demonstrates that flubendazole fed to pigs results in inhibited embryonation of A. suum eggs. However, direct treatment of A. suum eggs in culture for 24 hr with flubendazole did not inhibit embryonation or oral infectivity of in vitro treated eggs. Anthelmintic treatment of pigs in vivo with abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on embryonation of A. suum eggs, and 24 hr treatment with doramectin in vitro had no direct effects (P > 0.05) on embryonation or oral infectivity of A. suum eggs.
猪蛔虫是一种重要的肠道线虫，会给养猪业造成经济损失。驱虫治疗用于控制猪蛔虫感染，是正常生产实践的一部分。使用驱虫剂进行治疗可使成虫从肠道排出，从而停止虫卵对环境的进一步污染。本研究旨在确定药物治疗对从用4种不同市售驱虫剂治疗的猪体内获取的猪蛔虫所产虫卵胚胎发育的影响。测定了用阿维菌素、多拉菌素、伊维菌素、氟苯达唑治疗或不治疗对从粪便中排出的雌性猪蛔虫所产猪蛔虫卵胚胎发育的影响。用阿维菌素、多拉菌素和伊维菌素治疗的猪所产虫卵的胚胎发育与未治疗的对照猪所产虫卵相比，差异不显著（P>0.05）。相比之下，从用氟苯达唑治疗的猪体内获取的蛔虫所产猪蛔虫卵的胚胎发育受到抑制，大多数虫卵停留在单细胞阶段（85.5%），只有6.3%的虫卵发育成幼虫。在另一项实验中，我们研究了将多拉菌素和氟苯达唑直接添加到从未治疗的对照猪体内获取的猪蛔虫卵溶液中的效果。将虫卵培养物用0.04百万分之一（ppm）的多拉菌素或1.0 ppm的氟苯达唑进行体外直接处理24小时（血清中药物的最高浓度[C]），然后测定其胚胎发育情况和对小鼠的感染性。体外处理虫卵对幼虫发育或对小鼠的口服感染性没有显著影响（P>0.05）。我们的研究表明，给猪喂食氟苯达唑会导致猪蛔虫卵的胚胎发育受到抑制。然而，用氟苯达唑对培养中的猪蛔虫卵进行24小时直接处理，并未抑制体外处理虫卵的胚胎发育或口服感染性。用阿维菌素、多拉菌素和伊维菌素对猪进行体内驱虫治疗对猪蛔虫卵的胚胎发育没有显著影响（P>0.05），体外使用多拉菌素处理24小时对猪蛔虫卵的胚胎发育或口服感染性没有直接影响（P>0.05）。
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