Animal Sciences Group of Wageningen UR, Animal Production, Lelystad, Netherlands.
Vet Parasitol. 2010 Mar 25;168(3-4):269-77. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.11.004. Epub 2009 Nov 13.
Two experiments were performed to determine the anthelmintic effect of some phytogenic feed additives on a mild infection of Ascaris suum in growing and finishing pigs. Usually, an infection of A. suum is controlled by using conventional synthetic drugs. Organic farmers, however, prefer a non-pharmaceutical approach to worm control. Therefore, phytotherapy could be an appropriate alternative. In the first experiment, a commercial available organic starter diet was supplemented with 3% of a herb mixture, adding 1% Thymus vulgaris, 1% Melissa officinalis and 1% Echinacea purpurea to the diet, or with 4% of a herb mixture, thereby adding the mentioned herbs plus 1% Camellia sinensis (black tea). A negative control group (no treatment) and a positive control group (treatment with conventional synthetic drug flubendazole) were included. In the second experiment, the anthelmintic properties against A. suum of three individual herbs, Carica papaya, Peumus boldus and Artemisia vulgaris, each in a dose of 1%, were tested. Pigs were infected with 1000 infective worm eggs each. Each experiment was performed with 32 individually housed growing pigs (8 replicates/treatment), which were monitored for 67 days. It was hypothesized that the herbs would block the cycles of the larvae, thereby preventing the development of adult worms. Therefore, phytogenic feed additives were not supplied during the whole experimental period, but only from the start until D39. Pigs were inoculated with infective worm eggs during five consecutive days (D17-D21). At D67 all pigs were dissected, whereafter livers were checked for the presence of white spots. Also numbers of worms in the small intestine were counted. In experiment 1, the numbers of worm-infected pigs were similar for both the herb supplemented (groups 3 and 4) and the unsupplemented (group 1) treatments (5-6 pigs of 8), while the treatment with flubendazole (group 2) resulted in 0 infected pigs. In experiment 2, herb addition (groups 2-4) did not significantly reduce the number of worm-infected pigs compared to the negative control (group 1). It can be concluded that the tested herb mixtures and individual herbs in the diets of growing and finishing pigs did not decrease the number of pigs which were infected with A. suum, although the herb mixture without black tea and also boldo leaf slightly (P<0.10) reduced the number of worms in the intestinal tract. The tested herb mixtures and individual herbs did not affect the performance of the pigs.
进行了两项实验，以确定一些植物性饲料添加剂对生长育肥猪轻度感染猪蛔虫的驱虫效果。通常，猪蛔虫感染是通过使用传统的合成药物来控制的。然而，有机农民更喜欢采用非药物方法来控制蠕虫。因此，植物疗法可能是一种合适的替代方法。在第一项实验中，在一种市售的有机起始饲料中添加了 3%的草药混合物，饲料中添加了 1%的普通百里香、1%的香蜂草和 1%的紫锥菊，或添加了 4%的草药混合物，从而添加了上述草药和 1%的茶（红茶）。包括一个阴性对照组（无处理）和一个阳性对照组（用传统合成药物氟苯达唑处理）。在第二项实验中，测试了三种单一草药——番木瓜、秘鲁茶和青蒿——对猪蛔虫的驱虫特性，每种草药的剂量为 1%。每头猪感染 1000 个感染性虫卵。每个实验都用 32 头单独饲养的生长猪（8 个重复/处理）进行，监测时间为 67 天。研究假设这些草药会阻断幼虫的循环，从而阻止成虫的发育。因此，在整个实验期间，都没有提供植物性饲料添加剂，只是在从开始到第 39 天提供。猪在连续五天（第 17 天至第 21 天）感染感染性虫卵。在第 67 天，所有猪都被解剖，然后检查肝脏是否有白点。还计算了小肠中蠕虫的数量。在实验 1 中，添加草药的两组（第 3 组和第 4 组）和未添加草药的一组（第 1 组）的感染猪数量相似（8 头中的 5-6 头），而用氟苯达唑处理的一组（第 2 组）没有感染猪。在实验 2 中，与阴性对照组（第 1 组）相比，添加草药（第 2-4 组）并没有显著减少感染猪的数量。可以得出结论，在生长育肥猪的饲料中添加测试的草药混合物和单一草药并没有减少感染猪蛔虫的猪的数量，尽管不含红茶的草药混合物和秘鲁茶叶也略微（P<0.10）减少了肠道中的蠕虫数量。测试的草药混合物和单一草药对猪的生长性能没有影响。
