水烟吸烟者和暴露于水烟二手烟的非吸烟者中的丙烯醛暴露：对水烟烟草制品进行监管的影响。
Acrolein Exposure in Hookah Smokers and Non-Smokers Exposed to Hookah Tobacco Secondhand Smoke: Implications for Regulating Hookah Tobacco Products.
机构信息
Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Graduate School of Public Health, Division of Health Promotion, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
出版信息
Nicotine Tob Res. 2018 Mar 6;20(4):492-501. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntx133.
INTRODUCTION
Acrolein is a highly ciliatoxic agent, a toxic respiratory irritant, a cardiotoxicant, and a possible carcinogen present in tobacco smoke including hookah tobacco.
METHODS
105 hookah smokers and 103 non-smokers attended exclusively hookah smoking social events at either a hookah lounge or private home, and provided urine samples the morning of and the morning after the event. Samples were analyzed for 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (3-HPMA), a metabolite of acrolein.
RESULTS
Geometric mean (GM) urinary 3-HPMA levels in hookah smokers and non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) increased significantly, 1.41 times, 95% CI = 1.15 to 1.74 and 1.39 times, 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.67, respectively, following a hookah social event. The highest increase (1.68 times, 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.45; p = 0.007) in 3-HPMA post a hookah social event was among daily hookah smokers (GM, from 1991 pmol/mg to 3348 pmol/mg). Pre-to-post event change in urinary 3-HPMA was significantly positively correlated with pre-to-post event change in urinary cotinine among hookah smokers at either location of hookah event, (ρ = 0.359, p = 0.001), and among non-smokers in hookah lounges (ρ = 0.369, p = 0.012).
CONCLUSIONS
Hookah tobacco smoke is a source of acrolein exposure. Findings support regulating hookah tobacco products including reducing humectants and sugar additives, which are precursors of acrolein under certain pyrolysis conditions. We suggest posting health warning signs for indoor smoking in hookah lounges, and encouraging voluntary bans of smoking hookah tobacco in private homes.
IMPLICATIONS
Our study is the first to quantify the increase in acrolein exposure in hookah smokers and non-smokers exposed to exclusively hookah tobacco SHS at hookah social events in homes or hookah lounges. Our findings provide additional support for regulating hookah tobacco product content, protecting non-smokers' health by posting health warning signs for indoor smoking in hookah lounges, and encouraging home bans on hookah tobacco smoking to safeguard vulnerable residents.
简介
丙烯醛是一种具有强烈杀纤毛作用的物质、有毒的呼吸道刺激物、心脏毒素和可能的致癌物，存在于包括水烟烟草在内的烟草烟雾中。
方法
105 名水烟吸烟者和 103 名非吸烟者专门参加了水烟休息室或私人住宅的水烟社交活动，并在活动当天早上和活动后早上提供了尿液样本。对 3-羟基丙基硫代尿酸（3-HPMA），丙烯醛的代谢物进行了分析。
结果
在水烟社交活动后，暴露于二手烟（SHS）的水烟吸烟者和非吸烟者的尿液 3-HPMA 几何平均（GM）水平分别显著增加了 1.41 倍，95%置信区间（CI）为 1.15 至 1.74 和 1.39 倍，95%CI=1.16 至 1.67。水烟社交活动后，水烟吸烟者（GM，从 1991pmol/mg 增加到 3348pmol/mg）中 3-HPMA 的最高增幅（1.68 倍，95%CI=1.15 至 2.45；p=0.007）。水烟吸烟者在水烟活动地点的尿液中，3-HPMA 前后变化与尿液可替宁前后变化呈显著正相关（ρ=0.359，p=0.001），在水烟休息室的非吸烟者中也呈正相关（ρ=0.369，p=0.012）。
结论
水烟烟草烟雾是丙烯醛暴露的一个来源。研究结果支持对水烟烟草产品进行监管，包括减少保湿剂和糖添加剂，这些物质在某些热解条件下是丙烯醛的前体。我们建议在水烟休息室张贴室内吸烟的健康警告标志，并鼓励在私人住宅内自愿禁止吸食水烟烟草。
意义
我们的研究首次在家庭或水烟休息室的水烟社交活动中，定量测量了水烟吸烟者和非吸烟者接触专门的水烟烟草二手烟时丙烯醛暴露量的增加。我们的研究结果为监管水烟烟草产品的内容提供了更多的支持，通过在水烟休息室张贴室内吸烟的健康警告标志来保护非吸烟者的健康，并鼓励在私人住宅内禁止吸食水烟烟草，以保护弱势居民。
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