Choy Courtney C, Cartmel Brenda, Clare Rachel A, Ferrucci Leah M
Yale School of Public Health, 55 Church Street, Suite 801, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
Transl Behav Med. 2017 Dec;7(4):637-644. doi: 10.1007/s13142-017-0510-4.
Indoor tanning is a known risk factor for skin cancer and is especially dangerous for adolescents. Some states have passed indoor tanning bans for minors, but business compliance with the bans is not well understood. Thus far, studies have assessed ban compliance in one or two states at a time. This study aimed to assess compliance with indoor tanning bans for minors and knowledge of dangers and benefits of tanning among indoor tanning businesses. Female research assistants posing as minors telephoned a convenience sample of 412 businesses in 14 states with tanning bans for minors under age 17 or 18. We evaluated differences in compliance by census region and years since ban was implemented and differences in reported dangers and benefits by compliance. Most (80.1%) businesses told the "minor" caller she could not use the tanning facilities. Businesses in the south and in states with more recent bans were less compliant. Among those (n = 368) that completed the full interview, 52.2% identified burning and 20.1% mentioned skin cancer as potential dangers. However, 21.7% said dangers were no worse than the sun and 10.3% denied any dangers. Stated benefits included vitamin D (27.7%), social/cosmetic (27.2%), and treats skin diseases (26.4%), with only 4.9% reporting no benefits. While most businesses followed the indoor tanning ban when a minor called, one-fifth did not. Many stated inaccurate health claims. Additional enforcement or education might increase compliance with indoor tanning bans and action is needed to prevent businesses from stating false health information.
室内晒黑是皮肤癌的一个已知风险因素，对青少年尤其危险。一些州已经通过了针对未成年人的室内晒黑禁令，但企业对这些禁令的遵守情况尚不清楚。到目前为止，研究一次只评估一两个州的禁令遵守情况。本研究旨在评估针对未成年人的室内晒黑禁令的遵守情况，以及室内晒黑企业对晒黑的危害和益处的了解程度。女性研究助理扮作未成年人，给14个州的412家企业打了电话，这些州对17岁或18岁以下的未成年人实施了晒黑禁令。我们评估了人口普查区域和禁令实施以来的年份在遵守情况方面的差异，以及遵守情况在报告的危害和益处方面的差异。大多数（80.1%）企业告诉“未成年人”来电者她不能使用晒黑设施。南部地区的企业以及禁令实施时间较近的州的企业遵守情况较差。在完成全面访谈的企业中（n = 368），52.2%提到晒伤，20.1%提到皮肤癌是潜在危害。然而，21.7%表示危害并不比晒太阳更严重，10.3%否认有任何危害。提到的益处包括维生素D（27.7%）、社交/美容（27.2%）以及治疗皮肤病（26.4%），只有4.9%的企业表示没有益处。虽然大多数企业在未成年人打电话时遵守了室内晒黑禁令，但五分之一的企业没有。许多企业陈述了不准确的健康说法。额外的执法或教育可能会提高对室内晒黑禁令的遵守情况，需要采取行动防止企业陈述虚假的健康信息。
