Department of Dermatology, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wisconsin.
Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
JAMA Dermatol. 2018 Jan 1;154(1):67-72. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.3736.
The US Food and Drug Administration has classified tanning beds as carcinogenic. Most states have enacted legislation to prevent or create barriers for minors accessing tanning establishments. Determining tanning salon compliance with legislation would provide an indication of the influence of legislation at preventing exposure to the carcinogen in minors.
To investigate compliance rates in the 42 states and the District of Columbia with legislation restricting tanning bed use in minors and to identify differences in compliance based on population, regional location, salon ownership, age group being regulated, and time since the law was enacted.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This investigation was a cross-sectional telephone survey conducted between February 1, 2015, and April 30, 2016, by callers posing as minors attempting to schedule a tanning appointment. The setting was tanning salons in the 42 states and the District of Columbia that currently have legislation restricting tanning bed use in minors. Included in the study were 427 tanning salons, 10 randomly selected from each state or territory with tanning legislation.
Overall compliance of tanning salons with state tanning legislation and differences in compliance based on community population, regional location, independent vs chain tanning salon, age group being regulated, and time since the law was enacted.
Of the 427 tanning salons surveyed, overall noncompliance with state legislation was 37.2% (n = 159). There were more noncompliant tanning salons in rural locations (45.5%; 95% CI, 37.5%-53.7%; P = .009), southern regions of the United States (49.4%; 95% CI, 41.4%-57.4%; P = .001), independently owned salons (43.9%; 95% CI, 37.3%-50.6%; P = .003), states with younger age groups being regulated (53.5%; 95% CI, 45.7%-61.2%; P < .001), and states with more than one tanning regulation (50.0%; 95% CI, 42.0%-58.0%; P < .001). No difference was found based on time since the law was enacted.
Compliance with state legislation aimed at limiting tanning bed use among US minors is unsatisfactory, indicating that additional efforts to enforce the laws and education of the harmful effects of UV tanning are necessary, especially in rural, independently owned, and tanning salons in southern regions, which have decreased compliance rates.
美国食品和药物管理局已将日光浴床归类为致癌物质。大多数州都颁布了立法，以防止或为未成年人进入日光浴场所设置障碍。确定晒黑沙龙是否遵守立法将表明立法在防止未成年人接触致癌物方面的影响。
调查 42 个州和哥伦比亚特区限制未成年人使用日光浴床的立法的合规率，并根据人口、地区位置、沙龙所有权、受监管的年龄组和立法颁布后的时间来确定合规率的差异。
设计、设置和参与者：这是一项横断面电话调查，于 2015 年 2 月 1 日至 2016 年 4 月 30 日进行，由伪装成试图预约晒黑的未成年人的来电者进行。调查地点是目前有立法限制未成年人使用日光浴床的 42 个州和哥伦比亚特区的日光浴沙龙。研究包括 427 家晒黑沙龙，每个州或领地随机选择 10 家有晒黑立法的沙龙。
日光浴沙龙遵守州日光浴立法的总体情况，以及基于社区人口、地区位置、独立晒黑沙龙与连锁店晒黑沙龙、受监管的年龄组和立法颁布后的时间的合规差异。
在接受调查的 427 家晒黑沙龙中，整体上不遵守州立法的比例为 37.2%（n=159）。在农村地区（45.5%；95%CI，37.5%-53.7%；P=.009）、美国南部地区（49.4%；95%CI，41.4%-57.4%；P=.001）、独立拥有的沙龙（43.9%；95%CI，37.3%-50.6%；P=.003）、受监管年龄组较小的州（53.5%；95%CI，45.7%-61.2%；P<.001）和有多个日光浴法规的州（50.0%；95%CI，42.0%-58.0%；P<.001），不遵守的晒黑沙龙比例更高。未发现与法律颁布时间之间的差异。
限制美国未成年人使用日光浴床的州立法的遵守情况并不令人满意，这表明需要加强执法力度，并对紫外线晒黑的有害影响进行教育，特别是在农村地区、独立拥有的沙龙和南部地区，这些地区的遵守率较低。
