Koketsu Yuzo, Iida Ryosuke
School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan.
Mol Reprod Dev. 2017 Sep;84(9):979-986. doi: 10.1002/mrd.22825. Epub 2017 Jun 8.
Female pigs in breeding herds can be managed through four phases-gilt development, breeding, gestation, and lactation-during which they may be housed in group or individual pens, stalls, or on pasture. In this review, we focus on housing environments that optimize outcomes during gestation and lactation. Appropriate housing is important during early gestation, to protect embryos and to confirm pregnancy, and from mid-to-late gestation, to ensure sufficient nutrition to increase placental and fetal growth. No difference in the number of pigs born alive were reported between group housing and individual stall housing, although more risk factors for reproductive performance are associated with group housing than stall housing including genetics, bedding, floor space allowance, group size, social ranking, and parity. Furthermore, lameness in pregnant pigs is more frequent in group housing than in stall housing. Housing during lactation helps protect piglets from being crushed or from contracting disease, and can foster the transfer of enough colostrum from mother to piglets. Indeed, lactating sows in pen housing tend to have higher pre-weaning mortality and lighter litter weights than those in crated housing.
繁殖猪群中的母猪可分为四个阶段进行管理，即后备母猪培育、配种、妊娠和哺乳，在此期间，它们可以成群饲养在圈舍或个体栏舍、 stalls 或牧场上。在本综述中，我们重点关注在妊娠和哺乳期间能优化生产结果的饲养环境。在妊娠早期，合适的饲养环境对于保护胚胎和确认妊娠很重要，而在妊娠中后期，则要确保充足的营养以促进胎盘和胎儿生长。虽然与个体栏舍饲养相比，群养的繁殖性能风险因素更多，包括遗传、垫料、占地面积、群体大小、社会等级和胎次，但据报道，群养和个体栏舍饲养的活产仔猪数量并无差异。此外，妊娠母猪的跛足在群养中比在个体栏舍饲养中更为常见。哺乳期间的饲养有助于保护仔猪不被压死或感染疾病，并能促进足够的初乳从母猪转移到仔猪。事实上，圈舍饲养的哺乳母猪的断奶前死亡率往往高于产仔箱饲养的母猪，且窝重也更轻。
