Siddiqi Allauddin, Khan Abdul Samad, Zafar Sobia
1 School of Dentistry and Health Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, Australia.
2 Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
J Oral Implantol. 2017 Aug;43(4):314-325. doi: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-17-00016. Epub 2017 Jun 8.
Thirty years of transitional research in zirconia (Zr) ceramics has led to significant improvements in the biomedical field, especially in dental implantology. Oral implants made of yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) because of their excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and esthetically acceptable color have emerged as an attractive metal-free alternative to titanium (Ti) implants. The aim of the review was to highlight the translation research in Zr dental implants that has been conducted over the past 3 decades using preclinical animal models. A computer search of electronic databases, primarily PubMed, was performed with the following key words: "zirconia ceramics AND animal trials," "ceramic implants AND animal trials," "zirconia AND animal trials," "zirconia AND in vivo animal trials," without any language restriction. However, the search was limited to animal trials discussing percentage bone-implant contact (%BIC) around zirconia implants/discs. This search resulted in 132 articles (reviews, in vivo studies, and animal studies) of potential interest. We restricted our search terms to "zirconia/ceramic," "bone-implant-contact," and "animal trials" and found 29 relevant publications, which were then selected for full-text reading. Reasons for exclusion included the article's not being an animal study, being a review article, and not discussing %BIC around Zr implants/discs. Most of the studies investigated BIC around Zr in rabbits (30%), pigs (approximately 20%), dogs, sheep, and rats. This review of the literature shows that preclinical animal models can be successfully used to investigate osseointegration around Zr ceramics. Results of the reviewed studies demonstrated excellent %BIC around Zr implants. It should be noted that most of the studies investigated %BIC/removal torque under nonloading conditions, and results would have been somewhat different in functional loading situations because of inherent limitations of Zr ceramics. Further trials are needed to evaluate the performance of Zr ceramics in clinical conditions using implants designed and manufactured via novel techniques that enhance their biomechanical properties.
三十年来，氧化锆（Zr）陶瓷的转化研究在生物医学领域取得了显著进展，尤其是在牙种植学方面。由氧化钇四方多晶氧化锆（Y-TZP）制成的口腔种植体，因其优异的机械性能、良好的生物相容性和美观的色泽，已成为一种有吸引力的无金属钛（Ti）种植体替代品。本综述的目的是强调过去30年中使用临床前动物模型对Zr牙种植体进行的转化研究。主要在PubMed等电子数据库中进行计算机检索，关键词如下：“氧化锆陶瓷与动物试验”、“陶瓷种植体与动物试验”、“氧化锆与动物试验”、“氧化锆与体内动物试验”，无任何语言限制。然而，检索仅限于讨论氧化锆种植体/盘周围骨-种植体接触百分比（%BIC）的动物试验。此次检索得到132篇可能相关的文章（综述、体内研究和动物研究）。我们将检索词限制为“氧化锆/陶瓷”、“骨-种植体接触”和“动物试验”，发现29篇相关出版物，然后选择进行全文阅读。排除原因包括文章不是动物研究、是综述文章以及未讨论Zr种植体/盘周围的%BIC。大多数研究在兔子（30%）、猪（约20%）、狗、羊和大鼠中研究Zr周围的骨结合。对文献的综述表明，临床前动物模型可成功用于研究Zr陶瓷周围的骨整合。综述研究结果显示Zr种植体周围%BIC优异。应当指出，大多数研究在非加载条件下研究%BIC/去除扭矩，如果在功能加载情况下，由于Zr陶瓷的固有局限性，结果会有所不同。需要进一步试验，以使用通过增强其生物力学性能的新技术设计和制造的种植体，评估Zr陶瓷在临床条件下的性能。
