Carbajal-Hernández Ana Laura, Valerio-García Roberto Carlos, Martínez-Ruíz Erika Berenice, Jarquín-Díaz Víctor Hugo, Martínez-Jerónimo Fernando
Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Lab. de Hidrobiología Experimental, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Jul;24(21):17534-17546. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9340-7. Epub 2017 Jun 8.
Chapalichthys pardalis is a viviparous fish, microendemic to the Tocumbo Region in the state of Michoacán, Mexico. Despite the peculiar type of reproduction of goodeid fish and their mother-embryo interaction, the effects on embryos induced by maternal exposure to aquatic xenobiotics are still unknown. The objective of the present work was to determine the maternal-embryonic metabolic and antioxidant response of C. pardalis exposed to 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA), a compound considered highly noxious to the environment because of its high toxicity and persistence, which has been used as reference toxicant in toxicological bioassays. We determined the median lethal concentration (LC, 96 h) and then exposed pregnant females to 3.3, 2.5, and 0.5 mg L of 3,4-DCA (equivalent to LC, LC, and LC, respectively) during 21 days. We assessed the activity of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), macromolecules content (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates), glucose, and lactate concentration, as well as the oxidative damage, by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and protein oxidation. To interpret results, we used the integrated biomarker response (IBRv2). The average LC was of 5.18 mg L (4.8-5.5 mg L; p = 0.05). All females exposed to concentrations of 3.3 and 2.5 mg L lost 100% of the embryos during the bioassay, whereas those exposed to 0.5 mg L showed alterations in the antioxidant activity and oxidative damage, being the embryos and the maternal liver the most affected, with IBRv2 values of 10.09 and 9.21, respectively. Damage to macromolecules was greater in embryos and the maternal liver, with IBRv2 of 16.14 and 8.40, respectively. We conclude that exposure to xenobiotics, like 3,4-DCA, in species with a marked maternal-embryonic interaction represents a potential risk for the development and survival of the descendants, thereby, potentially affecting the future of the population.
豹纹查帕丽脂鲤是一种胎生鱼类，为墨西哥米却肯州托昆博地区的地方特有微种。尽管古氏鱼的繁殖方式独特，且存在母-胚相互作用，但母体接触水生异生物质对胚胎的影响仍不明确。本研究的目的是确定暴露于3,4-二氯苯胺（3,4-DCA）的豹纹查帕丽脂鲤的母-胚代谢和抗氧化反应。3,4-DCA因其高毒性和持久性而被认为对环境具有高度危害性，在毒理学生物测定中用作参考毒物。我们测定了半数致死浓度（96小时LC），然后在21天内将怀孕雌鱼暴露于3.3、2.5和0.5毫克/升的3,4-DCA（分别相当于LC、LC和LC）。我们评估了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）等抗氧化酶的活性、大分子含量（蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物）、葡萄糖和乳酸浓度，以及通过测量硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质和蛋白质氧化来评估氧化损伤。为了解释结果，我们使用了综合生物标志物反应（IBRv2）。平均LC为5.18毫克/升（4.8 - 5.5毫克/升；p = 0.05）。在生物测定期间，所有暴露于3.3和2.5毫克/升浓度的雌鱼损失了100%的胚胎，而暴露于0.5毫克/升的雌鱼则表现出抗氧化活性和氧化损伤的改变，胚胎和母体肝脏受影响最大，IBRv2值分别为10.09和9.21。胚胎和母体肝脏中大分子的损伤更大，IBRv2分别为16.14和8.40。我们得出结论，在具有显著母-胚相互作用的物种中，接触异生物质（如3,4-DCA）对后代的发育和生存构成潜在风险，从而可能影响种群的未来。
