Quabbe H J
Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1985;75(1-4):60-71. doi: 10.1007/BF01406324.
GH is secreted episodically. Its pattern is regulated by the interplay of a releasing and a release-inhibiting hormone of hypothalamic origin. Modulation occurs by metabolic factors (glucose, free fatty acids, ketone bodies, amino acids). Altered GH secretion has been observed in states of metabolic derangement such as diabetes mellitus, malnutrition and obesity. Further modulation occurs by extrahypothalamic CNS structures. In man--but not in animals, including subhuman primates--sleep has an important effect on GH secretion. A defective GH secretory pattern has been found to occur in several states of sleep disturbance, such as sleep deprivation, narcolepsy, severe psychosocial derangement, the apallic syndrome. Other CNS influences on GH secretion are related to stress, emotional changes and psychiatric disturbances. The exact mechanisms by which most of these influences are relayed to the GH secretory apparatus of the hypothalamus remain yet to be investigated.
生长激素（GH）呈脉冲式分泌。其分泌模式受下丘脑来源的释放激素和释放抑制激素相互作用的调节。代谢因素（葡萄糖、游离脂肪酸、酮体、氨基酸）也会对其产生调节作用。在代谢紊乱状态如糖尿病、营养不良和肥胖中，已观察到生长激素分泌发生改变。下丘脑外的中枢神经系统结构也会进一步调节生长激素的分泌。在人类中——但在包括非人灵长类动物在内的动物中并非如此——睡眠对生长激素分泌有重要影响。在几种睡眠障碍状态下，如睡眠剥夺、发作性睡病、严重心理社会紊乱、去大脑皮质综合征，已发现存在生长激素分泌模式缺陷。中枢神经系统对生长激素分泌的其他影响与应激、情绪变化和精神障碍有关。大多数这些影响传递至下丘脑生长激素分泌装置的确切机制仍有待研究。
