Maternal and Child Survival Program (MCSP), Washington, DC, USA.
Maternal, Newborn, Child Health and Nutrition, PATH, Washington, DC, USA.
Matern Child Nutr. 2018 Jan;14(1). doi: 10.1111/mcn.12469. Epub 2017 Jun 8.
In Egypt, rising maternal overweight and obesity is consistent with the transition to westernized diets and a growing reliance on energy-dense, low nutrient foods. Although the first 1,000 days of life are the focus of many programmes designed to prevent many forms of malnutrition, little attention has been paid to maternal dietary practices and weight gain during pregnancy. This study used in-depth interviews with pregnant women (N = 40), lactating women (N = 40), and nonlactating women (N = 40) to gain an understanding of behaviours, perceptions, and cultural beliefs in relation to maternal dietary intake during pregnancy, lactation, and nonlactation; weight gain during pregnancy; birth spacing; and family planning. Study findings reveal that food choice was driven by affordability, favoured foods, or foods considered appropriate for a specific life stage (pregnant, lactating, and nonlactating). Knowledge of weight gain during pregnancy is limited, especially with regards to excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Diet is often modified during lactation to support breast milk production, and a normal diet resumed when breastfeeding ceases. Within the context of breastfeeding, the lactational amenorrhea method provides an opportunity to improve exclusive breastfeeding practices, maternal diet during lactation, and the transition to other family planning methods by 6 months postpartum. Health care providers should discuss limiting maternal consumption of low nutrient foods such as junk foods, soda, and teas during pregnancy and postpartum. Dietary counselling should accompany information on appropriate weight gain during pregnancy and exercise to prevent excessive weight gain, in the context of the nutrition transition.
在埃及，孕产妇超重和肥胖率上升与向西方化饮食的转变以及对高能量、低营养食物的依赖增加相一致。尽管生命最初的 1000 天是许多旨在预防多种形式营养不良的方案的重点，但很少关注孕产妇在怀孕期间的饮食实践和体重增加。本研究通过对孕妇（N=40）、哺乳期妇女（N=40）和非哺乳期妇女（N=40）进行深入访谈，了解与怀孕期间、哺乳期和非哺乳期的孕产妇饮食摄入、怀孕期间的体重增加、生育间隔和计划生育有关的行为、观念和文化信仰。研究结果表明，食物选择是由可负担性、偏好的食物或被认为适合特定生命阶段（怀孕、哺乳期和非哺乳期）的食物驱动的。对怀孕期间体重增加的了解有限，尤其是对怀孕期间体重过度增加的了解。在哺乳期，饮食通常会为了支持母乳生产而进行调整，当母乳喂养停止时，正常饮食会恢复。在母乳喂养的背景下，哺乳闭经法提供了一个机会，可以改善纯母乳喂养实践、哺乳期的母亲饮食以及在产后 6 个月后过渡到其他计划生育方法。医疗保健提供者应该讨论限制孕产妇在怀孕期间和产后食用低营养食物，如垃圾食品、苏打水和茶。在营养转型的背景下，应该结合适当的孕期体重增加和运动的信息进行饮食咨询，以预防体重过度增加。
