Bandler R, Depaulis A, Vergnes M
Behav Brain Res. 1985 Apr;15(2):107-19. doi: 10.1016/0166-4328(85)90058-0.
Unilateral microinjections (0.20 microliter) of excitatory amino acids were made into the midbrain of freely moving rats. Injections made within the midbrain periaqueductal grey matter (PAG) consistently elicited reactions characteristic of defensive behaviour (i.e. explosive jumps, freezing, upright postures), whereas injections made in the tegmentum bordering the PAG did not as reliably elicit such behaviour. As injections of excitatory amino acids depolarize cell bodies but not axons, the results suggest that a population of neurones whose excitation elicits these reactions is found primarily within the midbrain PAG of the rat. Furthermore, the data suggested that such neurones may be localized preferentially within the caudal half of the midbrain PAG. Injections of the GABA antagonist, bicuculline methiodide, at many of the same midbrain sites produced behaviour similar to that elicited by excitatory amino acids indicating a possible GABAergic modulation of these same PAG-mediated reactions. It also was observed following unilateral injection into the PAG, of either the excitatory amino acid, L-aspartic acid or bicuculline, that defensive behaviour was elicited by touching the rat on the body or snout contralateral but not ipsilateral to the injection site. This suggests that the induction of defensive behaviour by unilateral PAG stimulation is due, at least in part, to lateralized alterations in sensorimotor responsiveness.
将兴奋性氨基酸单侧微量注射（0.20微升）到自由活动大鼠的中脑。在中脑导水管周围灰质（PAG）内进行的注射始终会引发防御行为特征性的反应（即爆发性跳跃、僵住、直立姿势），而在与PAG相邻的被盖中进行的注射则不能如此可靠地引发此类行为。由于兴奋性氨基酸注射会使细胞体去极化，但不会使轴突去极化，结果表明，一群兴奋时会引发这些反应的神经元主要位于大鼠的中脑PAG内。此外，数据表明，此类神经元可能优先定位于中脑PAG的后半部。在许多相同的中脑部位注射GABA拮抗剂甲碘荷包牡丹碱，产生的行为类似于兴奋性氨基酸引发的行为，这表明这些相同的PAG介导反应可能存在GABA能调节。在单侧注射兴奋性氨基酸L-天冬氨酸或荷包牡丹碱到PAG后还观察到，触摸注射部位对侧而非同侧的大鼠身体或口鼻会引发防御行为。这表明单侧PAG刺激引发防御行为至少部分是由于感觉运动反应性的侧化改变。
