Wang Guowei, Shi Huanhuan, Du Zhongkun, Chen Hanyan, Peng Jianbiao, Gao Shixiang
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Oct;229:177-187. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.075. Epub 2017 Jun 6.
Although organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been detected with growing frequency in water ecosystems, the underlying accumulation mechanisms of these compounds in fish are still unknown. Here, we investigated the tissue-specific accumulation and depuration of seven OPEs in adult zebrafish at three levels (0, 1/150 LC (environmentally relevant level), and 1/30 LC per OPE congener) in laboratory after 19 days exposure and 3 days depuration. The bioaccumulation of OPEs varied among tissues. Muscle contained the lowest level of OPEs and liver had the highest level of two (TPP and TCEP) of the seven OPEs at steady state. The high levels and slow depuration rates of TDCIPP, TPHP, and TCP observed in roe indicated that the accumulated OPEs were potentially stored in roe and transferred to the next generation. After examination of the major metabolites (organophosphate diesters) in selected tissues, a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model used in fish was adopted to explore the key factors affecting the bioaccumulation of OPEs in zebrafish. Biotransformation of OPEs with polychlorinated alkyl moieties (i.e. TDCIPP) and aryl moieties (i.e. TPHP and TCP) has more significant impacts on the accumulation than those of OPEs with alkyl or short chain chlorinated alkyl moieties. Furthermore, the partition process between tissues and blood was also investigated, and was demonstrated to be the dominant process for OPEs accumulation in zebrafish. This study provides critical information on the bioaccumulation, tissue distribution, and metabolization of OPEs in relation with OPE structures in fish, as well as the underlying bioaccumulation mechanisms/pathways of OPEs in aquatic life.
尽管在水生态系统中有机磷酸酯（OPEs）的检出频率越来越高，但这些化合物在鱼类中的潜在积累机制仍不清楚。在此，我们在实验室中对成年斑马鱼进行了19天暴露和3天净化后，研究了七种OPEs在三个浓度水平（0、1/150 LC（环境相关水平）和每种OPE同系物1/30 LC）下的组织特异性积累和净化情况。OPEs的生物积累在不同组织间存在差异。肌肉中OPEs的含量最低，而在稳态时，肝脏中七种OPEs中的两种（TPP和TCEP）含量最高。在鱼卵中观察到的TDCIPP、TPHP和TCP的高含量及缓慢的净化速率表明，积累的OPEs可能储存在鱼卵中并传递给下一代。在检测了选定组织中的主要代谢物（有机磷酸二酯）后，采用了鱼类中基于生理学的毒代动力学（PBTK）模型来探究影响斑马鱼中OPEs生物积累的关键因素。带有多氯烷基部分（即TDCIPP）和芳基部分（即TPHP和TCP）的OPEs的生物转化对积累的影响比带有烷基或短链氯代烷基部分的OPEs更显著。此外，还研究了组织与血液之间的分配过程，结果表明这是斑马鱼中OPEs积累的主要过程。本研究提供了关于OPEs在鱼类中的生物积累、组织分布、代谢以及与OPE结构的关系，以及水生生物中OPEs潜在的生物积累机制/途径的关键信息。
