Braga E A, Fridman M V, Kushlinskii N E
Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, 125315, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2017 May;82(5):529-541. doi: 10.1134/S0006297917050017.
Metastasis of primary tumors progresses stepwise - from change in biochemistry, morphology, and migratory patterns of tumor cells to the emergence of receptors on their surface that facilitate directional migration to target organs followed by the formation of a specific microenvironment in a target organ that helps attachment and survival of metastatic cells. A set of specific genes and signaling pathways mediate this process under control of microRNA. The molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes associated with tumor metastasis are reviewed in this publication using ovarian cancer, which exhibits high metastatic potential, as an example. Information and data on the genes and regulatory microRNAs involved in the formation of cancer stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, reducing focal adhesion, degradation of extracellular matrix, increasing migration activity of cancer cells, formation of spheroids, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, formation of metastases, and development of ascites are presented. Clusters of microRNAs (miR-145, miR-31, miR-506, miR-101) most essential for metastasis of ovarian cancer including the families of microRNAs (miR-200, miR-214, miR-25) with dual role, which is different in different histological types of ovarian cancer, are discussed in detail in a section of the review.
原发性肿瘤的转移是逐步进展的——从肿瘤细胞的生物化学、形态学和迁移模式的改变，到其表面出现促进向靶器官定向迁移的受体，随后在靶器官中形成有助于转移细胞附着和存活的特定微环境。一组特定的基因和信号通路在微小RNA的控制下介导这一过程。本出版物以具有高转移潜能的卵巢癌为例，综述了与肿瘤转移相关的生物学过程的分子机制。介绍了与癌症干细胞形成、上皮-间质转化、减少粘着斑、细胞外基质降解、增加癌细胞迁移活性、球体形成、凋亡、自噬、血管生成、转移形成和腹水发展相关的基因和调控微小RNA的信息和数据。综述的一个章节详细讨论了对卵巢癌转移最为关键的微小RNA簇（miR-145、miR-31、miR-506、miR-101），包括具有双重作用的微小RNA家族（miR-200、miR-214、miR-25），其在不同组织学类型的卵巢癌中作用不同。
