Croce Roberta, Cinà Filippo, Lombardo Anna, Crispeyn Gregory, Cappelli Claudia Ileana, Vian Matteo, Maiorana Simone, Benfenati Emilio, Baderna Diego
Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017 Oct;144:79-87. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.046. Epub 2017 Jun 8.
Dyes are widely used in various sectors and can be released into the environment where they persist for a long time because of their high stability to light or temperature and their resistance to environmental degradation. Dyes are often poorly characterized and toxicological/ecotoxicological data are available only for a few. These features, coupled with their toxicity, make dyes a possible source of ecological concern, particularly for freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, new data may be very useful for their risk assessment. In the present study, we investigated the aquatic toxicity of 42 commercial dye formulations using the application of in silico tools and ecological bioassays. The in silico approach was used to assess the similarities among the dyes, highlighting that dyes from the same chemical class are generally similar. No correlation was found among dyes with the same color. Acute and long-term ecotoxicological assays with daphnids and algae were applied to evaluate the potential impact of these products, according to the OECD guidelines 201 and 202. The bioassays were able to identify structures with potential ecotoxicity: only 9 formulations showed toxicity lower than 100mg/L for daphnids while 30 dyes were toxic for algae. In our experimental conditions, algae were more sensitive to dye toxicity, particularly when the effects on cell number were considered.
染料在各个领域广泛使用，并可能释放到环境中，由于其对光或温度具有高稳定性且耐环境降解，会在环境中长期存在。染料的特性往往 poorly characterized，毒理学/生态毒理学数据仅适用于少数几种。这些特性，再加上它们的毒性，使得染料成为一个可能引起生态关注的来源，特别是对淡水水生生态系统而言。因此，新的数据对于它们的风险评估可能非常有用。在本研究中，我们使用计算机模拟工具和生态生物测定法研究了42种商业染料配方的水生毒性。计算机模拟方法用于评估染料之间的相似性，突出表明同一化学类别的染料通常相似。未发现相同颜色的染料之间存在相关性。根据经合组织准则201和202，对水蚤和藻类进行了急性和长期生态毒理学测定，以评估这些产品的潜在影响。生物测定能够识别具有潜在生态毒性的结构：只有9种配方对水蚤的毒性低于100mg/L，而30种染料对藻类有毒。在我们的实验条件下，藻类对染料毒性更敏感，特别是在考虑对细胞数量的影响时。 （注：“poorly characterized”这里可能是“表征不充分”之类的意思，但原文如此，直接翻译了）
