Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115b, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1057:47-62. doi: 10.1007/5584_2017_53.
Enterococcus faecalis, a commensal of the intestinal tract of humans and animals is of great significance as leading opportunistic pathogen, and also prevalent in oral diseases, such as endodontic infections, as well as the healthy oral cavity. To investigate the potential of oral E. faecalis to constitute a reservoir of antibiotic resistance, isolates from supragingival plaque/saliva and from endodontic infections were screened regarding their resistance to selected antibiotics in comparison to nosocomial and food isolates.70 E. faecalis isolates were analyzed with PCR regarding their equipment with the resistance genes tetM, tetO, ermB, ermC, vanA, vanB and blaTEM. Additionally, they were tested for their phenotypic resistance to doxycycline, azithromycin, rifampicin, amoxicillin and streptomycin using the Etest.High percentages of the plaque/saliva, nosocomial and food isolates were resistant to doxycycline and azithromycin, particularly plaque/saliva isolates (81%) and nosocomial isolates (73.3%) showed resistance to doxycycline, significantly more than among the food and endodontic isolates. Rifampicin resistance was widespread among isolates from plaque/saliva (52.4%), endodontic infections (50%) and nosocomial infections (40%); all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin and all oral isolates to high-level streptomycin. TetM genes were detected in the majority of all isolates and ermB genes were present in many nosocomial and plaque/saliva isolates. Thirty percent of the endodontic isolates and 53% of the nosocomial isolates were equipped with blaTEM genes.The results suggest that the oral cavity can harbor E. faecalis strains with multiple resistances against different antibiotics and thus be regarded as a potential source of resistance traits.
粪肠球菌是人和动物肠道的共生菌，作为主要的机会致病菌具有重要意义，也普遍存在于口腔疾病中，如根管感染，以及健康的口腔中。为了研究口腔粪肠球菌是否可能成为抗生素耐药性的储库，我们筛选了来自龈上菌斑/唾液和根管感染的分离株，以比较其对选定抗生素的耐药性与医院和食品分离株的耐药性。用 PCR 分析了 70 株粪肠球菌分离株，以检测其携带的耐药基因 tetM、tetO、ermB、ermC、vanA、vanB 和 blaTEM。此外，还使用 Etest 测试了它们对强力霉素、阿奇霉素、利福平、阿莫西林和链霉素的表型耐药性。菌斑/唾液、医院和食品分离株的高比例对强力霉素和阿奇霉素耐药，尤其是菌斑/唾液分离株（81%）和医院分离株（73.3%）对强力霉素耐药，显著高于食品和根管分离株。来自菌斑/唾液（52.4%）、根管感染（50%）和医院感染（40%）的分离株中广泛存在利福平耐药；所有分离株均对阿莫西林敏感，所有口腔分离株均对高水平链霉素敏感。大多数分离株均检测到 tetM 基因，许多医院和菌斑/唾液分离株均存在 ermB 基因。30%的根管分离株和 53%的医院分离株携带 blaTEM 基因。这些结果表明，口腔可能携带具有多种抗生素耐药性的粪肠球菌菌株，因此可被视为耐药基因的潜在来源。
