Moliterno Antonioni A C, Martins Camila B C, Szczerbowski Daiane, Zawadneak Maria Aparecida C, Zarbin Paulo H G
Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), PO 19081, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-990, Brazil.
Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Patologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), P.O 19031, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-980, Brazil.
J Chem Ecol. 2017 Jun;43(6):550-556. doi: 10.1007/s10886-017-0851-y. Epub 2017 Jun 10.
The nitidulid beetle Lobiopa insularis is an important pest of strawberry crops in the United States and Brazil. Both larvae and adults feed on ripe strawberries, causing 20-70% loss in production during serious infestations. Aiming at the development of efficient, clean, and highly specific pest management systems, semiochemicals, especially pheromones, are particularly useful. Analyses of the extracts of both males and females obtained from aeration of live beetles showed the presence of three male specific compounds, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, and 2-undecanol (in an enantiomeric ratio of S:R = 3.5:1). This is the first record of ketones and an alcohol as pheromone components in Nitidulidae. These compounds were emitted by males in amounts of 0.3:6:1.5 ng per insect within 24 h (1:30:3), respectively, during the scotophase, indicating nocturnal sexual activity. Field tests with pitfall traps containing different mixtures of compounds and ripe strawberries as a co-attractant summed up to five treatments with 25 replications. As a result, 59% males and 41% females (1:0.7) were caught, indicating the L. insularis pheromone to cause aggregation of both sexes. Results of the field tests showed that the attractivity of the binary mixture of ketones (T3) differed from the control (T5), from traps with 2-undecanone alone (T4), and from the mixture of 2-undecanone and racemic 2-undecanol (T2). Moreover, the activity of the ternary mixture of compounds (T1) was not different from that of T3, indicating that the racemic alcohol did not positively influence trap catches. In future applications, a mixture of synthetic strawberry-derived compounds that are attractive to L. insularis may substitute rapidly decaying fruit in the field, maintaining catches for longer periods. Because of its efficiency and low cost, a mixture of 2-undecanone and 2-nonanone is recommended to catch adult L. insularis in the field.
露尾甲科甲虫Lobiopa insularis是美国和巴西草莓作物的一种重要害虫。其幼虫和成虫均以成熟草莓为食，在严重虫害期间会导致20%-70%的产量损失。为了开发高效、清洁且高度特异性的害虫管理系统，信息素，尤其是信息素，特别有用。对从活体甲虫通气获得的雄性和雌性提取物的分析表明，存在三种雄性特异性化合物，2-壬酮、2-十一酮和2-十一醇（对映体比例为S:R = 3.5:1）。这是露尾甲科中酮类和醇类作为信息素成分的首次记录。这些化合物在暗期由雄性昆虫分别以每只昆虫24小时内0.3:6:1.5纳克的量释放（1:30:3），表明夜间有性活动。使用含有不同化合物混合物和成熟草莓作为共同引诱剂的陷阱进行田间试验，共总结出五种处理，每种处理25次重复。结果，捕获了59%的雄性和41%的雌性（1:0.7），表明L. insularis信息素会导致两性聚集。田间试验结果表明，酮类二元混合物（T3）的吸引力与对照（T5）、单独使用2-十一酮的陷阱（T4）以及2-十一酮和外消旋2-十一醇的混合物（T2）不同。此外，化合物三元混合物（T1）的活性与T3没有差异，表明外消旋醇对陷阱捕获量没有积极影响。在未来的应用中，对L. insularis有吸引力的合成草莓衍生化合物混合物可能会替代田间迅速腐烂的果实，使捕获时间更长。由于其效率和低成本，建议使用2-十一酮和2-壬酮的混合物在田间捕获成年L. insularis。
