Sankaran Sindhuja, Szumowska Ewa, Kossowska Małgorzata
Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena Str. 6, 30-060 Krakow, Poland.
Motiv Emot. 2017;41(3):308-321. doi: 10.1007/s11031-017-9613-y. Epub 2017 Apr 19.
Previous studies have demonstrated that the need for closure (NFC), which refers to an individual's aversion toward uncertainty and the desire to quickly reduce it, leads to reluctance to invest effort in judgments and decision making. However, we argue that NFC may lead to either an increase or a decrease in effort depending on the availability of easy vs. difficult means to achieve closure and perceived importance of the task goal. We found that when closure could be achieved via both less and more demanding means, NFC was associated with decreased effort unless the task was perceived as important (Study 1). However, when attaining closure was possible via demanding means only, NFC was associated with increased effort, regardless of the task importance (Study 2). Moreover, NFC was related to choosing a more instrumental strategy for the goal of closure, even if this strategy required effort (Study 3). The results are discussed in the light of cognitive energetics theory.
先前的研究表明，认知闭合需要（NFC），即个体对不确定性的厌恶以及迅速减少不确定性的愿望，会导致在判断和决策时不愿投入精力。然而，我们认为，根据实现认知闭合的简单或困难手段的可用性以及任务目标的感知重要性，认知闭合需要可能会导致精力投入的增加或减少。我们发现，当通过要求较低和较高的手段都能实现认知闭合时，认知闭合需要与精力投入减少相关，除非该任务被视为重要（研究1）。然而，当只能通过要求较高的手段实现认知闭合时，认知闭合需要与精力投入增加相关，无论任务的重要性如何（研究2）。此外，认知闭合需要与为实现认知闭合目标选择更具工具性的策略有关，即使该策略需要付出努力（研究3）。我们根据认知能量理论对结果进行了讨论。
