Chen Stephanie I, Visser Troy A W, Huf Samuel, Loft Shayne
School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2017 Sep;23(3):240-262. doi: 10.1037/xap0000126. Epub 2017 Jun 12.
Automation can improve operator performance and reduce workload, but can also degrade operator situation awareness (SA) and the ability to regain manual control. In 3 experiments, we examined the extent to which automation could be designed to benefit performance while ensuring that individuals maintained SA and could regain manual control. Participants completed a simulated submarine track management task under varying task load. The automation was designed to facilitate information acquisition and analysis, but did not make task decisions. Relative to a condition with no automation, the continuous use of automation improved performance and reduced subjective workload, but degraded SA. Automation that was engaged and disengaged by participants as required (adaptable automation) moderately improved performance and reduced workload relative to no automation, but degraded SA. Automation engaged and disengaged based on task load (adaptive automation) provided no benefit to performance or workload, and degraded SA relative to no automation. Automation never led to significant return-to-manual deficits. However, all types of automation led to degraded performance on a nonautomated task that shared information processing requirements with automated tasks. Given these outcomes, further research is urgently required to establish how to design automation to maximize performance while keeping operators cognitively engaged. (PsycINFO Database Record
自动化可以提高操作员的绩效并减轻工作量，但也可能降低操作员的态势感知（SA）以及重新获得手动控制的能力。在3项实验中，我们研究了在何种程度上可以设计自动化以提高绩效，同时确保个体保持态势感知并能够重新获得手动控制。参与者在不同任务负荷下完成了一项模拟潜艇航迹管理任务。该自动化旨在促进信息获取和分析，但不做出任务决策。与无自动化条件相比，持续使用自动化提高了绩效并减轻了主观工作量，但降低了态势感知。参与者根据需要启用和停用的自动化（适应性自动化）相对于无自动化适度提高了绩效并减轻了工作量，但降低了态势感知。基于任务负荷启用和停用的自动化（自适应自动化）对绩效或工作量没有益处，并且相对于无自动化降低了态势感知。自动化从未导致显著的手动控制恢复缺陷。然而，所有类型的自动化都会导致在与自动化任务共享信息处理要求的非自动化任务上绩效下降。鉴于这些结果，迫切需要进一步研究如何设计自动化以在保持操作员认知参与的同时最大限度地提高绩效。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
