Amaro-Rivera Kiara, López-Cepero Andrea, Diaz Beatriz, Lee Jae Eun, Palacios Cristina
a Nutrition Program, Graduate School of Public Health , Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , Puerto Rico.
b Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA.
J Diet Suppl. 2018 Mar 4;15(2):129-139. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1330300. Epub 2017 Jun 12.
To calculate micronutrient adequacy among infants and toddlers and to determine the contribution of dietary supplements to this adequacy, micronutrient intake was assessed using two nonconsecutive 24-hour recalls in a sample of 296 infants aged 0-24 months. Micronutrient intake was calculated from foods and beverages and from supplements and compared between nonusers and users of supplements. Percentages of children below the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) and above the tolerable upper limit intake (UL) were also compared between groups. A total of 241 participants had complete data. The prevalence of dietary supplement use among the sample was 15%. Mean intake of all micronutrients from foods and beverages was similar between nonusers and users of supplements (p > .05) but significantly higher for the following vitamins when supplements were included: D, E, B1, B2, B3, and B6 (p < .05). From foods only, the nutrients with highest percentage of children below the DRI were vitamins D and E and potassium. When supplements were included, this percentage significantly decreased among users compared to nonusers (p < .05) for vitamins D and E. From foods, the UL was exceeded for magnesium, zinc, and vitamin B3. These were similar when supplements were added. Supplements significantly increased the intake of some vitamins. Vitamins D and E had the highest percentage of children below the DRI, which was partly corrected with the use of supplements. The UL was exceeded for magnesium, zinc, and vitamin B3 in many children. It is important to understand these patterns as they may be indicative of future nutritional deficiencies and excesses.
为了计算婴幼儿的微量营养素充足率，并确定膳食补充剂对这种充足率的贡献，我们在296名年龄在0至24个月的婴儿样本中，使用两次非连续的24小时膳食回顾法评估了微量营养素摄入量。微量营养素摄入量通过食物、饮料以及补充剂来计算，并在不使用补充剂和使用补充剂的人群之间进行比较。两组之间还比较了低于膳食参考摄入量（DRI）和高于可耐受最高摄入量（UL）的儿童百分比。共有241名参与者有完整数据。样本中膳食补充剂的使用率为15%。不使用补充剂和使用补充剂的人群从食物和饮料中摄入的所有微量营养素的平均摄入量相似（p>0.05），但在纳入补充剂后，以下维生素的摄入量显著更高：维生素D、E、B1、B2、B3和B6（p<0.05）。仅从食物中来看，低于DRI的儿童比例最高的营养素是维生素D、E和钾。当纳入补充剂时，与不使用补充剂的人群相比，使用补充剂的人群中维生素D和E的这一比例显著下降（p<0.05）。从食物中摄入的镁、锌和维生素B3超过了UL。添加补充剂后情况类似。补充剂显著增加了一些维生素的摄入量。维生素D和E低于DRI的儿童比例最高，使用补充剂后这一情况得到了部分纠正。许多儿童的镁、锌和维生素B3摄入量超过了UL。了解这些模式很重要，因为它们可能预示着未来的营养缺乏和过量情况。
