Simpson Austin J, Todd Andrew R
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Cognition. 2017 Sep;166:371-381. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2017.06.003. Epub 2017 Jun 9.
Reasoning about what other people see, know, and want is essential for navigating social life. Yet, even neurodevelopmentally healthy adults make perspective-taking errors. Here, we examined how the group membership of perspective-taking targets (ingroup vs. outgroup) affects processes underlying visual perspective-taking. In three experiments using two bases of group identity (university affiliation and minimal groups), interference from one's own differing perspective (i.e., egocentric intrusion) was stronger when responding from an ingroup versus an outgroup member's perspective. Spontaneous perspective calculation, as indexed by interference from another's visual perspective when reporting one's own (i.e., altercentric intrusion), did not differ across target group membership in any of our experiments. Process-dissociation analyses, which aim to isolate automatic processes underlying altercentric-intrusion effects, further revealed negligible effects of target group membership on perspective calculation. Meta-analytically, however, there was suggestive evidence that shared group membership facilitates responding from others' perspectives when self and other perspectives are aligned.
思考他人所见、所知和所欲，对于应对社交生活至关重要。然而，即使是神经发育正常的成年人也会在采取他人视角时犯错。在此，我们研究了采取他人视角的对象的群体归属（内群体与外群体）如何影响视觉上采取他人视角背后的过程。在三项使用两种群体身份基础（大学所属关系和最小群体）的实验中，当从内群体成员而非外群体成员的视角做出反应时，来自自身不同视角的干扰（即自我中心干扰）更强。在我们的任何一项实验中，当报告自己的情况时来自他人视觉视角的干扰所索引的自发视角计算（即他心干扰）在目标群体归属方面并无差异。旨在分离他心干扰效应背后自动过程的过程分离分析进一步揭示，目标群体归属对视角计算的影响微乎其微。然而，荟萃分析有提示性证据表明，当自我和他人视角一致时，共享的群体归属有助于从他人视角做出反应。
