Marks Gary N
Directorate of Government,Policy and Strategy,The Vice-Chancellery,Australian Catholic University,Melbourne,Victoria,Australia.
Twin Res Hum Genet. 2017 Aug;20(4):281-289. doi: 10.1017/thg.2017.32. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
This article analyzes the contribution of genetics and the environment to educational attainment, occupational status, and income using data from over 1,100 monozygotic and 400 dizygotic Australian twin pairs aged from 18 to 99. The respective heritability estimates were 0.54, 0.37, and 0.18. The bivariate heritabilities were 0.71 for educational attainment and occupational status, 0.37 for education and income, and 0.61 for occupational status and income. There were no gender and cohort differences in the heritabilities for education and occupation, but for income, contrary to expectations, the heritabilities were significantly higher among women and for the older cohort (aged 50 or older). The sizable contribution of genes to these socioeconomic outcomes suggests that standard sociological and economic theories on the socioeconomic career require substantial modification to accommodate the role of genetics.
本文利用来自1100多对单卵双胞胎和400对双卵双胞胎（年龄在18岁至99岁之间）的澳大利亚数据，分析了遗传因素和环境因素对教育程度、职业地位和收入的影响。各自的遗传率估计值分别为0.54、0.37和0.18。教育程度和职业地位的双变量遗传率为0.71，教育和收入的双变量遗传率为0.37，职业地位和收入的双变量遗传率为0.61。在教育和职业的遗传率方面没有性别和队列差异，但对于收入，与预期相反，女性和年龄较大的队列（50岁及以上）的遗传率显著更高。基因对这些社会经济结果的巨大贡献表明，关于社会经济职业的标准社会学和经济理论需要进行重大修改，以适应遗传因素的作用。
