Fuller Richard, Moore Michael V, Lewith George, Stuart Beth L, Ormiston Rory V, Fisk Helena L, Noakes Paul S, Calder Philip C
Primary Care and Population Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Nutrition. 2017 Jul-Aug;39-40:30-35. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.03.003. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
The aims of this study were to test whether yeast-derived β-1,3/1,6 glucan can prevent the occurrence or reduce the severity of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and modulate innate immune responses during winter months in community-dwelling older adults.
This was a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of community-dwelling adults ages 50 to 70 y randomized to once-daily β-1,3/1,6 glucan (Wellmune 250 mg/d; n = 50) or identical placebo capsule (n = 50) over 90 d during winter. URTI episodes were medically confirmed. Symptom severity was recorded via self-reported daily Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Score 21. Blood and saliva samples were collected at days 0, 45, and 90 for measurements of innate immune parameters.
Forty-nine participants completed the trial in each group. Supplementation was well tolerated. Forty-five URTIs were confirmed: 28 in the placebo group and 17 in the Wellmune group (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-1.26; P = 0.149). There was a strong trend for Wellmune to decrease the number of symptom days (P = 0.067). Symptom severity did not differ significantly between groups. Compared with the placebo group, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated blood from participants in the Wellmune group showed an increase in interferon-γ concentration from baseline at day 45 (P = 0.016) and smaller decreases in monokine induced by interferon-γ concentration from baseline at days 45 and 90 (P = 0.032 and 0.046, respectively). No difference was seen in serum or nonstimulated blood cytokines and chemokines or in salivary immunoglobulin A.
Daily oral β-1,3/1,6 glucan may protect against URTIs and reduce the duration of URTI symptoms in older individuals once infected. This may be linked to effects on innate immune function. Larger studies are needed to confirm the benefits of β-1,3/1,6 glucan on URTIs in this older population.
本研究旨在测试酵母来源的β-1,3/1,6葡聚糖能否预防社区居住的老年人在冬季发生上呼吸道感染（URTI）或减轻其严重程度，并调节先天免疫反应。
这是一项双盲安慰剂对照试验，将50至70岁的社区居住成年人随机分为两组，在冬季的90天内，一组每天服用β-1,3/1,6葡聚糖（Wellmune，250毫克/天；n = 50），另一组服用相同的安慰剂胶囊（n = 50）。URTI发作经医学确认。通过每日自我报告的威斯康星上呼吸道感染评分21记录症状严重程度。在第0、45和90天采集血液和唾液样本，用于测量先天免疫参数。
每组有49名参与者完成了试验。补充剂耐受性良好。共确认了45例URTI：安慰剂组28例，Wellmune组17例（优势比，0.55；95%置信区间，0.24 - 1.26；P = 0.149）。Wellmune有减少症状天数的强烈趋势（P = 0.067）。两组间症状严重程度无显著差异。与安慰剂组相比，Wellmune组参与者的脂多糖刺激血液在第45天显示干扰素-γ浓度较基线升高（P = 0.016），在第45天和90天，干扰素-γ诱导的单核因子浓度较基线下降幅度较小（分别为P = 0.032和0.046）。血清或未刺激血液中的细胞因子和趋化因子以及唾液免疫球蛋白A均无差异。
每日口服β-1,3/1,6葡聚糖可能预防URTI，并在老年人一旦感染时减少URTI症状的持续时间。这可能与对先天免疫功能的影响有关。需要更大规模的研究来证实β-1,3/1,6葡聚糖对该老年人群URTI的益处。
