Guang Matthew Ho Zhi, McCann Amanda, Bianchi Giada, Zhang Li, Dowling Paul, Bazou Despina, O'Gorman Peter, Anderson Kenneth C
a Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.
b UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research , University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland.
Leuk Lymphoma. 2018 Mar;59(3):542-561. doi: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1337115. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is among the most compelling examples of cancer in which research has markedly improved the length and quality of lives of those afflicted. Research efforts have led to 18 newly approved treatments over the last 12 years, including seven in 2015. However, despite significant improvement in overall survival, MM remains incurable as most patients inevitably, yet unpredictably, develop refractory disease. Recent advances in high-throughput 'omics' techniques afford us an unprecedented opportunity to (1) understand drug resistance at the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic level; (2) discover novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers; (3) develop novel therapeutic targets and rational drug combinations; and (4) optimize risk-adapted strategies to circumvent drug resistance, thus bringing us closer to a cure for MM. In this review, we provide an overview of 'omics' technologies in MM biomarker and drug discovery, highlighting recent insights into MM drug resistance gleaned from the use of 'omics' techniques. Moving from the bench to bedside, we also highlight future trends in MM, with a focus on the potential use of 'omics' technologies as diagnostic, prognostic, or response/relapse monitoring tools to guide therapeutic decisions anchored upon highly individualized, targeted, durable, and rationally informed combination therapies with curative potential.
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是癌症中最典型的例子之一，在该领域的研究显著延长了患者的生命并提高了其生活质量。在过去12年中，研究工作带来了18种新获批的治疗方法，其中2015年有7种。然而，尽管总生存期有了显著改善，但MM仍然无法治愈，因为大多数患者不可避免且不可预测地会发展为难治性疾病。高通量“组学”技术的最新进展为我们提供了前所未有的机会，（1）在基因组、转录组和蛋白质组水平上理解耐药性；（2）发现新的诊断、预后和治疗生物标志物；（3）开发新的治疗靶点和合理的药物组合；（4）优化风险适应性策略以规避耐药性，从而使我们更接近治愈MM。在本综述中，我们概述了MM生物标志物和药物发现中的“组学”技术，强调了从使用‘组学’技术中获得的关于MM耐药性的最新见解。从实验室到临床，我们还强调了MM的未来趋势，重点是“组学”技术作为诊断、预后或反应/复发监测工具的潜在用途，以指导基于具有治愈潜力的高度个体化、靶向、持久和合理的联合疗法的治疗决策。
