Van Steenwinkel Iris, Dierckx de Casterlé Bernadette, Heylighen Ann
University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Architecture, Research[x]Design, Kasteelpark Arenberg 1 box 2431, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d - bus 7001, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
J Aging Stud. 2017 Apr;41:84-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2017.05.001. Epub 2017 May 19.
Human values and social issues shape visions on dwelling and care for older people, a growing number of whom live in residential care facilities. These facilities' architectural design is considered to play an important role in realizing care visions. This role, however, has received little attention in research. This article presents a case study of a residential care facility for which the architects made considerable effort to match the design with the care vision. The study offers insights into residents' and caregivers' experiences of, respectively, living and working in this facility, and the role of architectural features therein. A single qualitative case study design was used to provide in-depth, contextual insights. The methods include semi-structured interviews with residents and caregivers, and participant observation. Data concerning design intentions, assumptions and strategies were obtained from design documents, through a semi-structured interview with the architects, and observations on site. Our analysis underlines the importance of freedom (and especially freedom of movement), and the balance between experiencing freedom and being bound to a social and physical framework. It shows the architecture features that can have a role therein: small-scaleness in terms of number of residents per dwelling unit, size and compactness; spatial generosity in terms of surface area, room to maneuver and variety of places; and physical accessibility. Our study challenges the idea of family-like group living. Since we found limited sense of group belonging amongst residents, our findings suggest to rethink residential care facilities in terms of private or collective living in order to address residents' social freedom of movement. Caregivers associated 'hominess' with freedom of movement, action and choice, with favorable social dynamics and with the building's residential character. Being perceived as homey, the facility's architectural design matches caregivers' care vision and, thus, helped them realizing this vision.
人类价值观和社会问题塑造了对老年人居住和照料的愿景，如今越来越多的老年人生活在寄宿护理机构中。这些机构的建筑设计被认为在实现护理愿景方面发挥着重要作用。然而，这一作用在研究中很少受到关注。本文介绍了一个寄宿护理机构的案例研究，在该案例中，建筑师做出了相当大的努力，使设计与护理愿景相匹配。该研究深入了解了居民和护理人员在该机构生活和工作的经历，以及建筑特征在其中所起的作用。采用单一的定性案例研究设计，以提供深入的、基于背景的见解。方法包括对居民和护理人员进行半结构化访谈，以及参与观察。通过与建筑师进行半结构化访谈并结合现场观察，从设计文件中获取了有关设计意图、假设和策略的数据。我们的分析强调了自由（尤其是行动自由）以及在体验自由与受社会和物理框架约束之间取得平衡的重要性。它展示了在其中可以发挥作用的建筑特征：每个居住单元的居民数量、规模和紧凑性方面的小规模；表面积、活动空间和场所多样性方面的空间宽敞度；以及物理可达性。我们的研究对类似家庭式群居的理念提出了挑战。由于我们发现居民之间的群体归属感有限，我们的研究结果建议从私人或集体生活的角度重新思考寄宿护理机构，以解决居民的社会行动自由问题。护理人员将“家的感觉”与行动、选择自由、良好的社会动态以及建筑的居住特征联系在一起。该机构的建筑设计被认为有家的感觉，与护理人员的护理愿景相匹配，从而帮助他们实现了这一愿景。
