Karim Mohamed R, Rahman Mohamed A, Mamun Shaikh Aa, Alam Mohamed A, Akhter Shahnaz
National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Private Medical Practitioners Association, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
WHO South East Asia J Public Health. 2012 Jan-Mar;1(1):76-84. doi: 10.4103/2224-3151.206917.
Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality; however, it is relatively a neglected disease. Hence, we explored the risk factors for childhood TB.
Ninty-five cases and 94 controls were selected during January to May 2011 from DOTS centres located in four sub-districts of Bangladesh. The exposure status of recently diagnosed childhood TB patients (<18-year-olds), who were sputum-positive, were compared with children who were sent to the laboratory with suspected tuberculosis but were found to be sputum-negative. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Crude odds ratios (OR), adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Stepwise logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors.
Children under 14 years of age (AOR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.10-0.66), having completed primary education (AOR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.10-0.74), whose fathers' were in business or service (AOR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08-0.72), and who slept in a less crowded room (AOR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.14-0.76), lived in a house with a separate kitchen (AOR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16-0.96) had less chance of having TB. Those who had contact with cases of TB among relatives or neighbours were less likely to have TB (AOR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.16-0.70) compared to those who had contact with a TB case in the family.
Age, education, father's occupation, crowding, kitchen location and intimate contact with a TB case were significantly associated with smear-positive childhood TB.
儿童结核病是儿童发病和死亡的主要原因之一；然而，它相对而言是一种被忽视的疾病。因此，我们探究了儿童结核病的危险因素。
2011年1月至5月期间，从孟加拉国四个分区的直接观察治疗短程督导化疗（DOTS）中心选取了95例病例和94例对照。将最近确诊的痰涂片阳性的儿童结核病患者（<18岁）的暴露状况与因疑似结核病被送去实验室但痰涂片阴性的儿童进行比较。通过结构化问卷收集数据。估计了粗比值比（OR）、调整后比值比（AOR）和95%置信区间（CI）。采用逐步逻辑回归模型确定独立预测因素。
14岁以下儿童（AOR：0.25；95%CI：0.10 - 0.66）、完成小学教育的儿童（AOR：0.28；95%CI：0.10 - 0.74）、父亲从事商业或服务业的儿童（AOR：0.24；95%CI：0.08 - 0.72）、睡在不太拥挤房间的儿童（AOR：0.32；95%CI：0.14 - 0.76）、居住在有独立厨房房屋的儿童（AOR：0.39；95%CI：0.16 - 0.96）患结核病的几率较低。与家中有结核病接触史的儿童相比，与亲属或邻居中有结核病患者接触的儿童患结核病的可能性较小（AOR：0.28；95%CI：0.16 - 0.70）。
年龄、教育程度、父亲职业、拥挤程度、厨房位置以及与结核病患者的密切接触与痰涂片阳性的儿童结核病显著相关。
