Gherasim Alin, Martínez-Baz Iván, Castilla Jesús, Pozo Francisco, Larrauri Amparo
National Epidemiology Centre, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, IdiSNA-Navarra Institute of Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
PLoS One. 2017 Jun 14;12(6):e0179160. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179160. eCollection 2017.
Recent studies suggest that the protective effect of the current influenza vaccine could be influenced by vaccination in previous seasons. We estimated the combined effect of the previous and current influenza vaccines from the 2010-2011 season to the 2015-2016 season in Spain.
We performed a test-negative case-control study in patients ≥9 years old. We estimated the influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B virus.
We included 1206 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases, 1358 A(H3N2) cases and 1079 B cases. IVE against A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in the pooled-season analysis was 53% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 21% to 72%) for those vaccinated only in the current season and 50% (95%CI: 23% to 68%) for those vaccinated in the both current and previous seasons. Against the influenza A(H3N2) virus, IVE was 17% (95%CI: -43% to 52%) for those vaccinated only in the current season and 3% (95%CI: -33% to 28%) for those vaccinated in both seasons. Regarding influenza B, we obtained similar IVEs for those vaccinated only in the current and those vaccinated in both seasons: 57% (95%CI: 12% to 79%) and 56% (95%CI: 36% to 70%), respectively.
Our results suggested no interference between the previous and current influenza vaccines against A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses, but a possible negative interference against A(H3N2) virus.
近期研究表明，当前流感疫苗的保护效果可能会受到前几个季节接种疫苗的影响。我们估算了2010 - 2011季至2015 - 2016季期间西班牙前一季和当前流感疫苗的联合效果。
我们对9岁及以上患者进行了一项检测阴性病例对照研究。我们估算了流感疫苗针对甲型H1N1pdm09、甲型H3N2和乙型病毒的效力（IVE）。
我们纳入了1206例甲型H1N1pdm09病例、1358例甲型H3N2病例和1079例乙型病例。在汇总季节分析中，仅在当前季节接种疫苗的人群针对甲型H1N1pdm09病毒的IVE为53%（95%置信区间（CI）：21%至72%），在当前季节和前一季均接种疫苗的人群为50%（95%CI：23%至68%）。针对甲型H3N2病毒，仅在当前季节接种疫苗的人群IVE为17%（95%CI：-43%至52%），两季均接种疫苗的人群为3%（95%CI：-33%至28%）。对于乙型流感，仅在当前季节接种疫苗的人群和两季均接种疫苗的人群获得了相似的IVE：分别为57%（95%CI：12%至79%）和56%（95%CI：36%至70%）。
我们的结果表明，前一季和当前流感疫苗针对甲型H1N1pdm09和乙型病毒不存在干扰，但可能对甲型H3N2病毒存在负干扰。
