WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
Viruses. 2022 Feb 25;14(3):470. doi: 10.3390/v14030470.
Prior vaccination can alternately enhance or attenuate influenza vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness. Analogously, we found that vaccine immunogenicity was enhanced by prior A(H3N2) virus infection among participants of the Ha Nam Cohort, Viet Nam, but was attenuated by prior vaccination among Australian Health Care Workers (HCWs) vaccinated in the same year. Here, we combined these studies to directly compare antibody titers against 35 A(H3N2) viruses spanning 1968-2018. Participants received licensed inactivated vaccines containing A/HongKong/4801/2014 (H3N2). The analysis was limited to participants aged 18-65 Y, and compared those exposed to A(H3N2) viruses circulating since 2009 by infection (Ha Nam) or vaccination (HCWs) to a reference group who had no recent A(H3N2) infection or vaccination (Ha Nam). Antibody responses were compared by fitting titer/titer-rise landscapes across strains, and by estimating titer ratios to the reference group of 2009-2018 viruses. Pre-vaccination, titers were lowest against 2009-2014 viruses among the reference (no recent exposure) group. Post-vaccination, titers were, on average, two-fold higher among participants with prior infection and two-fold lower among participants with 3-5 prior vaccinations compared to the reference group. Titer rise was negligible among participants with 3-5 prior vaccinations, poor among participants with 1-2 prior vaccinations, and equivalent or better among those with prior infection compared to the reference group. The enhancing effect of prior infection versus the incrementally attenuating effect of prior vaccinations suggests that these exposures may alternately promote and constrain the generation of memory that can be recalled by a new vaccine strain.
先前的疫苗接种可以增强或减弱流感疫苗的免疫原性和效果。类似地，我们发现，在越南海阳队列研究中，先前的 A(H3N2)病毒感染增强了疫苗的免疫原性，但在同年接种疫苗的澳大利亚卫生保健工作者(HCWs)中则减弱了疫苗的免疫原性。在这里，我们将这两项研究结合起来，直接比较了针对跨越 1968 年至 2018 年的 35 种 A(H3N2)病毒的抗体滴度。参与者接种了含有 A/HongKong/4801/2014(H3N2)的许可灭活疫苗。该分析仅限于年龄在 18-65 岁的参与者，并将那些通过感染(海阳)或接种疫苗(HCWs)接触自 2009 年以来流行的 A(H3N2)病毒的参与者与没有最近 A(H3N2)感染或接种疫苗的参考组(海阳)进行比较。通过拟合跨毒株的滴度/滴度升高景观和估计与 2009-2018 年病毒的参考组的滴度比来比较抗体反应。在接种疫苗之前，参考组(无近期接触)中针对 2009-2014 年病毒的滴度最低。在接种疫苗后，与参考组相比，先前感染的参与者的滴度平均高两倍，而有 3-5 次先前接种的参与者的滴度低两倍。有 3-5 次先前接种的参与者的滴度升高微不足道，有 1-2 次先前接种的参与者的滴度升高较差，而与参考组相比，先前感染的参与者的滴度升高相当或更好。先前感染的增强作用与先前接种疫苗的逐渐减弱作用表明，这些暴露可能交替促进和限制可以被新疫苗株召回的记忆的产生。
