Purohit Bharathi M, Singh Abhinav
Assistant Professor - Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Bhopal -, India.
Assistant Professor - Department of Public Health Dentistry, ESIC Dental College & Hospital, Rohini - New Delhi Under Central Ministry of Labour & Employment - Government of India.
WHO South East Asia J Public Health. 2012 Jul-Sep;1(3):330-338. doi: 10.4103/2224-3151.207029.
This study explores the association of disabilities and oral health. The aim of the study was to compare and assess oral health status of 12-year-old children with disabilities with healthy controls in Karnataka, Southern India.
A total of 191 schoolchildren with disabilities were examined from 12-year age group. For comparison, 203 healthy children were randomly selected from other government schools. Clinical data were collected on periodontal status, dental caries, treatment needs and dental malocclusion using WHO criteria. A chi-squared test was used to compare between categorical variables. Linear and logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the importance of the factors associated with caries status.
Significant differences were noted in the frequency of sugar consumption between subjects with disabilities and their healthy controls. Subjects with disabilities had significantly higher CPI (community periodontal index) scores than their healthy counterparts (p<0.001). Dental caries was present in 89.8% children from special schools as compared with 58.6% from the control group. Mean DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth) values for special school children and healthy controls were 2.52 ± 2.61 and 0.61 ± 1.12, respectively. Higher prevalence of malocclusion was seen in subjects with special healthcare needs, with 66.4% having definite malocclusion and 17.4% of controls having malocclusion (p<0.001). The mean values for treatment needs were higher in subjects with disabilities. Regression analysis showed that, type of school, male gender, low frequency of brushing, increased frequency of sugar consumption between meals and dental malocclusion were significantly related to dental caries.
Poor oral health of children with disabilities as compared with their healthy controls in terms of periodontal status, dentition status, treatment needs, and dentofacial anomalies was found in our study, which confirms a need for preventive treatment for these children.
本研究探讨残疾与口腔健康之间的关联。该研究的目的是比较和评估印度南部卡纳塔克邦12岁残疾儿童与健康对照儿童的口腔健康状况。
从12岁年龄组中检查了总共191名残疾学童。为作比较，从其他政府学校中随机挑选了203名健康儿童。使用世界卫生组织标准收集了有关牙周状况、龋齿、治疗需求和牙列咬合不正的临床数据。采用卡方检验比较分类变量。进行线性和逻辑回归分析以确定与龋齿状况相关因素的重要性。
残疾受试者与其健康对照者在糖摄入量频率方面存在显著差异。残疾受试者的社区牙周指数（CPI）得分显著高于其健康对照者（p<0.001）。特殊学校89.8%的儿童有龋齿，而对照组为58.6%。特殊学校儿童和健康对照儿童的平均龋失补牙数（DMFT）值分别为2.52±2.61和0.61±1.12。有特殊医疗需求的受试者中牙列咬合不正的患病率更高，66.4%有明确的牙列咬合不正，而对照组为17.4%（p<0.001）。残疾受试者的治疗需求平均值更高。回归分析表明，学校类型、男性性别、刷牙频率低、餐间糖摄入量增加和牙列咬合不正与龋齿显著相关。
我们的研究发现，与健康对照儿童相比，残疾儿童在牙周状况、牙列状况、治疗需求和牙面异常方面的口腔健康较差，这证实了需要对这些儿童进行预防性治疗。
