Mescher Anthony L
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine - Bloomington Indiana University Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology Bloomington IN 47405 USA.
Regeneration (Oxf). 2017 Jun 6;4(2):39-53. doi: 10.1002/reg2.77. eCollection 2017 Apr.
This review provides a concise summary of the changing phenotypes of macrophages and fibroblastic cells during the local inflammatory response, the onset of tissue repair, and the resolution of inflammation which follow injury to an organ. Both cell populations respond directly to damage and present coordinated sequences of activation states which determine the reparative outcome, ranging from true regeneration of the organ to fibrosis and variable functional deficits. Recent work with mammalian models of organ regeneration, including regeneration of full-thickness skin, hair follicles, ear punch tissues, and digit tips, is summarized and the roles of local immune cells in these systems are discussed. New investigations of the early phase of amphibian limb and tail regeneration, including the effects of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory agents, are then briefly discussed, focusing on the transition from the normally covert inflammatory response to the initiation of the regeneration blastema by migrating fibroblasts and the expression of genes for limb patterning.
本综述简要总结了巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞在局部炎症反应、组织修复起始以及器官损伤后炎症消退过程中的表型变化。这两种细胞群体均对损伤直接作出反应，并呈现出协调的激活状态序列，这些序列决定了修复结果，范围从器官的真正再生到纤维化以及各种功能缺陷。本文总结了近期关于器官再生哺乳动物模型的研究工作，包括全层皮肤、毛囊、打孔组织和指尖的再生，并讨论了局部免疫细胞在这些系统中的作用。随后简要讨论了两栖动物肢体和尾巴再生早期阶段的新研究，包括促炎和抗炎剂的作用，重点关注从通常隐蔽的炎症反应向迁移的成纤维细胞启动再生芽基以及肢体模式形成基因表达的转变。
