The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; email:
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2017 Aug 4;55:257-286. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080614-120106. Epub 2017 Jun 15.
Plants are constantly exposed to would-be pathogens and pests, and thus have a sophisticated immune system to ward off these threats, which otherwise can have devastating ecological and economic consequences on ecosystems and agriculture. Plants employ receptor kinases (RKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs) as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to monitor their apoplastic environment and detect non-self and damaged-self patterns as signs of potential danger. Plant PRRs contribute to both basal and non-host resistances, and treatment with pathogen-/microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) recognized by plant PRRs induces both local and systemic immunity. Here, we comprehensively review known PAMPs/DAMPs recognized by plants as well as the plant PRRs described to date. In particular, we describe the different methods that can be used to identify PAMPs/DAMPs and PRRs. Finally, we emphasize the emerging biotechnological potential use of PRRs to improve broad-spectrum, and potentially durable, disease resistance in crops.
植物经常受到潜在病原体和害虫的侵袭，因此具有复杂的免疫系统来抵御这些威胁，否则这些威胁可能对生态系统和农业造成毁灭性的生态和经济后果。植物利用受体激酶（RKs）和受体样蛋白（RLPs）作为模式识别受体（PRRs）来监测其质外体环境，并检测非自身和自身损伤模式，作为潜在危险的迹象。植物 PRRs 有助于基础抗性和非寄主抗性，并且用植物 PRRs 识别的病原体/微生物相关分子模式（PAMPs/MAMPs）或损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs）处理会诱导局部和全身免疫。在这里，我们全面回顾了已知的植物识别的 PAMPs/DAMPs 以及迄今为止描述的植物 PRRs。特别是，我们描述了可以用来识别 PAMPs/DAMPs 和 PRRs 的不同方法。最后，我们强调了 PRRs 在提高作物广谱、潜在持久抗病性方面的新兴生物技术应用潜力。
