Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Apr 16;20(8):1882. doi: 10.3390/ijms20081882.
To ward off pathogens and pests, plants use a sophisticated immune system. They use pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), as well as nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) domains, for detecting nonindigenous molecular signatures from pathogens. Plant PRRs induce local and systemic immunity. Plasma-membrane-localized PRRs are the main components of multiprotein complexes having additional transmembrane and cytosolic kinases. Topical research involving proteins and their interactive partners, along with transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation, has extended our understanding of R-gene-mediated plant immunity. The unique LRR domain conformation helps in the best utilization of a surface area and essentially mediates protein-protein interactions. Genome-wide analyses of inter- and intraspecies PRRs and NB-LRRs offer innovative information about their working and evolution. We reviewed plant immune responses with relevance to PRRs and NB-LRRs. This article focuses on the significant functional diversity, pathogen-recognition mechanisms, and subcellular compartmentalization of plant PRRs and NB-LRRs. We highlight the potential biotechnological application of PRRs and NB-LRRs to enhance broad-spectrum disease resistance in crops.
为了抵御病原体和害虫，植物使用了复杂的免疫系统。它们使用模式识别受体（PRRs）以及核苷酸结合和富含亮氨酸重复（NB-LRR）结构域，来检测来自病原体的非本土分子特征。植物 PRRs 诱导局部和全身免疫。质膜定位的 PRRs 是具有额外跨膜和胞质激酶的多蛋白复合物的主要组成部分。涉及蛋白质及其相互作用伙伴的前沿研究，以及转录和转录后调控，扩展了我们对 R 基因介导的植物免疫的理解。独特的 LRR 结构域构象有助于最佳利用表面积，并从本质上介导蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。种间和种内 PRRs 和 NB-LRRs 的全基因组分析提供了有关其工作和进化的创新信息。我们综述了与 PRRs 和 NB-LRRs 相关的植物免疫反应。本文重点介绍了植物 PRRs 和 NB-LRRs 的重要功能多样性、病原体识别机制和亚细胞区室化。我们强调了 PRRs 和 NB-LRRs 增强作物广谱抗病性的潜在生物技术应用。
