Jimenez Mikel, Montoro Pedro R, Luna Dolores
Departamento de Psicología Básica 1, Facultad de Psicología, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Psicología Básica 1, Facultad de Psicología, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Conscious Cogn. 2017 Aug;53:31-46. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2017.05.004. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
Previous research on perceptual organization operations still provides contradictory evidence on whether the integration of sparse local elements into coherently unified shapes and the construction of the illusory form are accomplished without the need of awareness. In the present study, three experiments were conducted in which participants were presented with masked (Experiment 1, SOA=27ms; Experiment 2; SOA=53ms) and unmasked (Experiment 3) primes consisting of geometric shapes (a square or a diamond) that could be congruent or incongruent with subsequent probe stimuli (square vs. diamond). Furthermore, the primes were divided into: a grouping condition (where local elements may group together into global shapes), an illusory condition (where the arrangement of local elements produced illusory shapes) and a hybrid condition (where both operations were presented simultaneously). While no priming effects were found for the shortest SOA (27ms), both grouping and illusory primes produced significant priming effects in the longer SOA (53ms). On the other hand, results in Experiment 3 (unmasked) showed strong priming effects for the grouping of the inducers in both the grouping and the hybrid conditions, and also a significant but weaker priming effect for the illusory condition. Overall, our results support the possibility of the integration of local visual features into a global shape in the absence of awareness and, likewise, they suggest an early -subliminal- construction of the illusory shape, implying that feedback projections from higher to lower visual areas are not crucial in the construction of the illusory form.
先前关于知觉组织操作的研究，对于稀疏局部元素整合为连贯统一形状以及虚幻形式的构建是否在无需意识的情况下完成，仍提供了相互矛盾的证据。在本研究中，进行了三项实验，向参与者呈现由几何形状（正方形或菱形）组成的掩蔽（实验1，刺激间隔=27毫秒；实验2，刺激间隔=53毫秒）和非掩蔽（实验3）启动刺激，这些形状可能与随后的探测刺激（正方形与菱形）一致或不一致。此外，启动刺激被分为：分组条件（局部元素可能组合成全局形状）、虚幻条件（局部元素的排列产生虚幻形状）和混合条件（两种操作同时呈现）。虽然在最短刺激间隔（27毫秒）时未发现启动效应，但在较长刺激间隔（53毫秒）时，分组和虚幻启动刺激均产生了显著的启动效应。另一方面，实验3（非掩蔽）的结果表明，在分组和混合条件下，诱导物分组均产生了强烈的启动效应，虚幻条件下也产生了显著但较弱的启动效应。总体而言，我们的结果支持在无意识情况下将局部视觉特征整合为全局形状的可能性，同样，它们表明虚幻形状存在早期（阈下）构建，这意味着从较高视觉区域到较低视觉区域的反馈投射在虚幻形式的构建中并非关键因素。
