University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade-Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.
University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 1;601-602:1670-1681. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.273. Epub 2017 Jun 10.
Biomarkers attract increasing attention in environmental studies, as a tool for detection of exposure and effects of pollution, from both natural and anthropogenic sources. This study aims to assess the impact of multiple stressors during distinctive seasons, covering also extreme hydrological events (extensive flooding in the mid May 2014), on different levels of biological organization in the liver and gills of three closely related freshwater breams. Our previous study on DNA damage in blood cells of these specimens showed increased DNA damage in June 2014, one month after the flooding event. As a continuation of that research, the present study was conducted. As a biomarker of exposure DNA damage was measured by applying the alkaline comet assay, while histopathological alterations were monitored as a biomarker of effect. Additionally, concentrations of metals and metalloids in gills, liver and muscle were assessed. Sampling of fish tissues was performed in 2014, during winter (January and February), spring (March and early June) and summer (late June, July and August). Significant seasonal difference in DNA damage was observed for both tissues. During spring and summer the level of DNA damage in gills was significantly higher when compared to the liver. Histopathological analyses showed higher frequency of alterations in gills during spring, and in liver during summer, but without a significant seasonal difference. Gills had the highest concentration of metals and metalloids during the spring and summer, and liver during winter. Muscle was the least affected tissue during all three seasons. This study highlighted the importance of the multiple biomarker approach and the use of different fish tissues in assessment of surface water pollution.
生物标志物在环境研究中越来越受到关注，可作为检测自然和人为来源污染暴露和影响的工具。本研究旨在评估不同季节多种胁迫因素对三种密切相关淡水鱼类肝脏和鳃组织不同生物学层次的影响，包括极端水文事件（2014 年 5 月中旬的大面积洪水）。我们之前对这些样本血细胞 DNA 损伤的研究表明，洪水事件发生一个月后的 2014 年 6 月，DNA 损伤增加。作为该研究的延续，进行了本研究。采用碱性彗星试验测量 DNA 损伤作为暴露生物标志物，监测组织病理学变化作为效应生物标志物。此外，还评估了鳃、肝和肌肉中金属和类金属的浓度。2014 年冬季（1 月和 2 月）、春季（3 月和 6 月初）和夏季（6 月下旬、7 月和 8 月）分别对鱼类组织进行了采样。两种组织的 DNA 损伤均呈现出显著的季节性差异。春季和夏季，鳃组织的 DNA 损伤水平明显高于肝脏。组织病理学分析表明，春季鳃组织改变的频率较高，夏季肝脏改变的频率较高，但季节性差异不显著。春季和夏季，鳃组织中金属和类金属浓度最高，冬季肝脏组织中浓度最高。肌肉组织在三个季节中受影响最小。本研究强调了多生物标志物方法和使用不同鱼类组织评估地表水的重要性。
