Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Center for Patient Care and Outcomes Research (PCOR), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
Emmes, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD.
Ann Glob Health. 2017 Mar-Apr;83(2):248-258. doi: 10.1016/j.aogh.2017.04.001. Epub 2017 May 20.
The aim of this study was to construct a wealth index that could be compared over time in order to understand the trends in wealth in Kenya and determine predictors of change in wealth index.
Data were from the Demographic and Health Survey program collected in Kenya between 1993 and 2009. Variable categories were collapsed to match and factor analysis was performed on the 4-year pooled data to generate a harmonized wealth index. Possible predictors of wealth were selected from household variables available for all 4 years. Household sampling weights and stratification by rural/urban was used.
Overall, wealth increased in Kenya between 1993 and 2008; however, when stratified, no significant increase existed in urban areas and a significant increase was identified in rural areas specifically between 2003 and 2008. The strongest predictor was education, with more than a standard deviation difference for secondary or higher levels of education over those with no education. The association of gender of the head of household and whether the head of household had a partner differed between rural and urban areas, with household heads who were women and those who had a partner having more wealth in urban areas but less wealth in rural areas.
Wealth in Kenya increased over time, specifically in rural regions. Differences were identified in predictors of wealth by urban/rural residence, educational level, and gender of the head of household and should be taken into account when planning interventions to target those in disproportionately low wealth brackets.
本研究旨在构建一个财富指数，以便能够进行时间上的比较，从而了解肯尼亚财富的变化趋势，并确定财富指数变化的预测因素。
数据来自于 1993 年至 2009 年期间在肯尼亚开展的人口与健康调查项目。对各年数据进行了汇总，并对变量类别进行了合并和因子分析，以生成一个协调一致的财富指数。选择了所有 4 年都有的家庭变量作为财富的可能预测因素。使用了家庭抽样权重和城乡分层。
总体而言，肯尼亚的财富在 1993 年至 2008 年间有所增加；但是，在分层后，城市地区的财富没有明显增加，而农村地区的财富在 2003 年至 2008 年间显著增加。最强的预测因素是教育，具有中学或更高学历的人比没有受过教育的人财富高出一个标准差以上。家庭户主的性别和户主是否有伴侣与城乡之间存在关联，在城市地区，女性户主和有伴侣的户主拥有更多的财富，而在农村地区则拥有更少的财富。
肯尼亚的财富随着时间的推移而增加，特别是在农村地区。财富的预测因素因城乡居住、教育程度以及家庭户主的性别而存在差异，在规划针对财富水平较低人群的干预措施时，应考虑到这些差异。
