Dodds L J
J Clin Hosp Pharm. 1985 Jun;10(2):143-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1985.tb01129.x.
The incidence and consequences of the nausea and vomiting induced by many cancer chemotherapeutic regimes are explored and the emetogenic potential of the commonly used cytotoxic drugs evaluated. The physiology and pharmacology of chemotherapy-induced vomiting is largely unresolved but the postulated mechanisms are described and related to known properties of anti-emetic agents. The difficulties associated with the design and evaluation of trials assessing the effectiveness of single agent or combination therapy for this indication are discussed. After identifying general principles of anti-emetic prophylaxis, a critical evaluation is made of the effectiveness of the following drugs or classes of drugs, based on the available data: antihistamines, anticholinergics, phenothiazines, butyrophenones, domperidone, metoclopramide, cannabinoids, corticosteroids and benzodiazepines. Although there are still insufficient data to allow absolute recommendations to be made regarding the choice of anti-emetic therapy, considerations which should govern drug choice are listed and an algorithm presented as an aid to decision making. The contributions that can be made by a pharmacist in this area of drug use are noted.
探讨了多种癌症化疗方案所致恶心和呕吐的发生率及后果，并评估了常用细胞毒性药物的致吐潜力。化疗所致呕吐的生理学和药理学在很大程度上尚未明确，但阐述了推测的机制，并将其与止吐药的已知特性相关联。讨论了评估单药或联合疗法治疗该适应证有效性的试验在设计和评估方面所面临的困难。在确定了止吐预防的一般原则后，基于现有数据对以下药物或药物类别进行了疗效的批判性评估：抗组胺药、抗胆碱能药、吩噻嗪类、丁酰苯类、多潘立酮、甲氧氯普胺、大麻素类、皮质类固醇和苯二氮䓬类。尽管目前仍缺乏足够的数据来就止吐治疗的选择给出绝对建议，但列出了指导药物选择的考虑因素，并给出了一个算法以辅助决策。还提到了药剂师在该药物使用领域可做出的贡献。
