McConnel Craig S, McNeil Ashleigh A, Hadrich Joleen C, Lombard Jason E, Garry Franklyn B, Heller Jane
Integrated Livestock Management, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States.
Integrated Livestock Management, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States.
Prev Vet Med. 2017 Aug 1;143:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.04.014. Epub 2017 May 10.
Over the past 175 years, data related to human disease and death have progressed to a summary measure of population health, the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY). As dairies have intensified there has been no equivalent measure of the impact of disease on the productive life and well-being of animals. The development of a disease-adjusted metric requires a consistent set of disability weights that reflect the relative severity of important diseases. The objective of this study was to use an international survey of dairy authorities to derive disability weights for primary disease categories recorded on dairies. National and international dairy health and management authorities were contacted through professional organizations, dairy industry publications and conferences, and industry contacts. Estimates of minimum, most likely, and maximum disability weights were derived for 12 common dairy cow diseases. Survey participants were asked to estimate the impact of each disease on overall health and milk production. Diseases were classified from 1 (minimal adverse effects) to 10 (death). The data was modelled using BetaPERT distributions to demonstrate the variation in these dynamic disease processes, and to identify the most likely aggregated disability weights for each disease classification. A single disability weight was assigned to each disease using the average of the combined medians for the minimum, most likely, and maximum severity scores. A total of 96 respondents provided estimates of disability weights. The final disability weight values resulted in the following order from least to most severe: retained placenta, diarrhea, ketosis, metritis, mastitis, milk fever, lame (hoof only), calving trauma, left displaced abomasum, pneumonia, musculoskeletal injury (leg, hip, back), and right displaced abomasum. The peaks of the probability density functions indicated that for certain disease states such as retained placenta there was a relatively narrow range of expected impact whereas other diseases elicited a wider breadth of impact. This was particularly apparent with respect to calving trauma, lameness and musculoskeletal injury, all of which could be redefined using gradients of severity or accounting for sequelae. These disability weight distributions serve as an initial step in the development of the disease-adjusted lactation (DALact) metric. They will be used to assess the time lost due to dynamic phases of dairy cow diseases and injuries. Prioritizing health interventions based on time expands the discussion of animal health to view profits and losses in light of the quality and length of life.
在过去的175年里，与人类疾病和死亡相关的数据已发展为一种衡量人群健康的综合指标——伤残调整生命年（DALY）。随着奶牛养殖业的集约化发展，却没有类似的指标来衡量疾病对动物生产寿命和福祉的影响。制定一个疾病调整指标需要一套一致的伤残权重，以反映重要疾病的相对严重程度。本研究的目的是通过对乳业权威人士进行国际调查，得出奶牛场记录的主要疾病类别的伤残权重。通过专业组织、乳业行业出版物和会议以及行业联系人，联系了国家和国际乳业健康与管理权威人士。得出了12种常见奶牛疾病的最小、最可能和最大伤残权重估计值。调查参与者被要求估计每种疾病对整体健康和产奶量的影响。疾病从1级（最小不良影响）到10级（死亡）进行分类。使用BetaPERT分布对数据进行建模，以展示这些动态疾病过程中的变化，并确定每种疾病分类最可能的综合伤残权重。通过将最小、最可能和最大严重程度评分的合并中位数的平均值，为每种疾病分配一个单一的伤残权重。共有96名受访者提供了伤残权重估计值。最终的伤残权重值按严重程度从低到高排序如下：胎衣不下、腹泻、酮病、子宫炎、乳腺炎、产乳热、跛行（仅蹄部）、产犊创伤、真胃左方变位、肺炎、肌肉骨骼损伤（腿部、髋部、背部）和真胃右方变位。概率密度函数的峰值表明，对于某些疾病状态，如胎衣不下，预期影响的范围相对较窄，而其他疾病则产生更广泛的影响。这在产犊创伤、跛行和肌肉骨骼损伤方面尤为明显，所有这些都可以使用严重程度梯度或考虑后遗症来重新定义。这些伤残权重分布是制定疾病调整泌乳（DALact）指标的第一步。它们将用于评估由于奶牛疾病和损伤的动态阶段而损失的时间。根据时间对健康干预措施进行优先排序，将动物健康的讨论扩展到根据生命质量和长度来审视利润和损失。
