Vaquero-Álvarez Manuel, Álvarez-Theurer Esther, Romero Saldaña Manuel
Unidad Gestión Clínica Linares, Centro Salud San José, Linares, Jaén.
Inspección Servicios Sanitarios Andalucía. Delegación Territorial de Salud Córdoba.
Aten Primaria. 2018 Apr;50(4):238-246. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2017.03.011. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
To estimate the importance of the working environment in sickness absence, as well as to show possible relationships with clinical-work variables.
A descriptive observational study. SITE: Medical Inspection of an Andalusian province.
A total of 1016 workers on certified sick leave due to a common illness.
A self-report questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, profession, activity, risk assessment, and perceived occupational cause, on patients who voluntarily gave their consent when they were reviewed during 2015. The illness that caused certified sickness absences was verified in the computerised medical records. Using criteria applied by experts, the role of working conditions in each episode of certified sick leave was assessed. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine any relationships between the variables.
An inadequate work environment was found in 17.1% of the sickness processes. Health and hospitality services activities have a significant association with working conditions as a cause of sick leave (P<.001). With respect to diagnosis, anxiety-depressive disorders (P<.01) and low back pain (P<.05) were associated with working conditions. The factors related to certified sickness absence and work environment were: residence (OR=0.34, 0.21-0.6), normal/higher education (OR=1.7, 1.2-2.4), (OR=2.0 1.3-3.1), large companies (OR=1.97, 1.3-2.9), and job (OR=2.7, 1.6-3, 2).
Sickness absence is affected by factors related to the work environment. Specific preventive actions for workers at their workplace could reduce work related diseases classified as a common illness.
评估工作环境在病假中的重要性，并展示其与临床工作变量之间可能存在的关系。
描述性观察研究。
安达卢西亚一个省份的医疗检查机构。
共有1016名因常见疾病而休病假的员工。
采用一份自填式问卷，收集2015年接受复查时自愿同意参与的患者的人口统计学数据、职业、活动、风险评估以及感知到的职业病因。通过电脑化医疗记录核实导致病假的疾病。运用专家制定的标准，评估工作条件在每次病假事件中的作用。进行双变量和多变量分析以确定变量之间的关系。
在17.1%的病假案例中发现工作环境不佳。健康和酒店服务活动与作为病假原因的工作条件存在显著关联（P<0.001）。在诊断方面，焦虑抑郁障碍（P<0.01）和腰痛（P<0.05）与工作条件相关。与病假和工作环境相关的因素包括：居住地（比值比=0.34，0.21 - 0.6）、正常/高等教育程度（比值比=1.7，1.2 - 2.4）、（比值比=2.0，1.3 - 3.1）、大公司（比值比=1.97，1.3 - 2.9）以及工作（比值比=2.7，1.6 - 3.2）。
病假受到与工作环境相关因素的影响。在工作场所针对员工采取具体的预防措施可减少归类为常见疾病的与工作相关的疾病。
