Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Gullhaugveien 1-3, 0484, Oslo, Norway.
Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian National Unit for Hearing Impairment and Mental Health, Oslo, Norway.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Mar 30;20(1):367. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08465-3.
Studies have shown that terrorist attacks affect the mental and physical health of persons exposed to terrorism. When terror strikes at the workplace where people spend much time, and should feel safe, the health consequences for those affected might be severe. The aim of the study was to determine whether psychological and social work factors moderates effects of exposure to a workplace terrorist attack on subsequent doctor-certified sickness absence.
The study design combined survey data with register data on sickness absence. Data on exposure to the attack, and psychosocial working conditions were collected by a web-based questionnaire 10 months after the attack. Survey data was linked to registry data on doctor-certified sickness absence over the one-year time period following baseline. The survey response rate was 56% (n = 1974), where 80.6% (1591) gave consent to link survey data to data on sickness absence. Exposure to the attack was assessed as "Directly-", or "Indirectly exposed". Psychological and social work factors were measured by the General Questionnaire for Psychological and Social factors at Work (QPS). Data were analyzed with negative binominal hurdle regressions.
Direct exposure to the attack increased the odds of becoming sick-listed if role clarity was average (OR = 1.50) or high (OR = 2.13), but not if low (OR = 1.17). Direct exposure was associated with higher sickness absence rates if control over work pace was low (RR = 1.61). Role conflict, support from co-workers, and -superior showed weaker evidence of moderating effects of exposure on sickness absence.
Exposure to the bomb explosion, as well as psychosocial working conditions affect the risk of employee sickness absence. Psychosocial working conditions seems to moderate effects of exposure to workplace terrorism on subsequent sickness absence. Organizations would benefit from striving for good psychological and social working conditions both as preventions against illness and sickness absence, and as measures in the aftermath of a workplace terrorist attack.
研究表明，恐怖袭击会影响接触恐怖主义的人员的身心健康。当恐怖袭击发生在人们花费大量时间、本应感到安全的工作场所时，受影响人员的健康后果可能会很严重。本研究旨在确定心理和社会工作因素是否会调节暴露于工作场所恐怖袭击对随后医生证明的病假的影响。
该研究设计将调查数据与病假登记数据相结合。通过网络问卷调查，在袭击发生 10 个月后收集有关暴露于袭击的情况和心理社会工作条件的数据。调查数据与基线后一年时间内医生证明的病假登记数据相链接。调查的回复率为 56%（n=1974），其中 80.6%（1591）同意将调查数据与病假数据相链接。暴露于袭击被评估为“直接暴露”或“间接暴露”。心理和社会工作因素通过一般工作心理和社会因素问卷（QPS）进行测量。采用负二项式障碍回归进行数据分析。
直接暴露于袭击会增加角色清晰度一般（OR=1.50）或高（OR=2.13）时请病假的几率，但角色清晰度低（OR=1.17）时则不会。直接暴露与工作节奏控制低（RR=1.61）时的病假率较高相关。角色冲突、同事支持和-上级支持则显示出对暴露与病假之间关系的调节作用较弱。
暴露于爆炸以及心理社会工作条件会影响员工病假的风险。心理社会工作条件似乎会调节暴露于工作场所恐怖主义对随后病假的影响。组织将受益于努力营造良好的心理和社会工作条件，这既是预防疾病和病假的措施，也是工作场所恐怖袭击后的应对措施。
